Olfaction and Physical Functioning in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study.
Olfaction and Physical Functioning in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study.
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老年人的嗅觉和身体功能：一项纵向研究。
DOI：
10.1093/gerona/glab233
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chen,Honglei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yuan,Yaqun;Li,Chenxi;Luo,Zhehui;Simonsick,EleanorM;Shiroma,EricJ;Chen,Honglei
背景嗅觉不良与老年人的功能表现较差有关，但缺乏纵向证据。我们调查了嗅觉差的纵向变化，在社区居住的老年adults.MethodThe分析包括2 319名参与者的健康，老龄化和身体成分的研究（年龄71-82岁，47.9%的男性，37.3%的黑人）谁完成了简短的嗅觉识别测试在1999-2000年。嗅觉被定义为良好（测试评分11-12）、中等（9-10）或差（0-8）。在8年的时间里，使用短期身体机能成套测验（SPPB）和健康老化和身体成分身体机能成套测验（HABCPPB）对身体机能进行了4次评估。我们进行了联合模型分析，并报告了嗅觉组之间的年度下降差异。结果在随访期间，与嗅觉良好的老年人相比，嗅觉不良的老年人的SPPB评分和SPPB评分的年度下降幅度更大。（−0.137，95% CI：−0.186，−0.088）及其所有分量表：站立平衡（−0.068，95%CI：−0.091，−0.044）、椅子站立（−0.046，95%CI：−0.070，−0.022）和步态速度（−0.022，95%CI：−0.042，−0.001）。对HABCPPB评分也进行了类似的观察（年下降差异：-0.032，95%CI：-0.042，-0.021）。这些发现是可靠的，不能用人口统计学、生活方式因素和慢性疾病的测量混杂或死亡和失访导致的潜在偏倚来解释。跨性别，种族和自我报告的一般健康状况的亚组观察到类似的协会。ConclusionThis study provides the first epidemiological evidence that poor olefaction predicts a faster decline in physical functioning.未来的研究应探讨潜在的机制。
BackgroundPoor olfaction is associated with worse functional performance in older adults, but longitudinal evidence is lacking. We investigated poor olfaction in relation to longitudinal changes in physical functioning among community-dwelling older adults.MethodThe analysis included 2 319 participants from the Health, Aging and Body Composition study (aged 71–82 years, 47.9% men, and 37.3% Blacks) who completed the Brief Smell Identification Test in 1999–2000. Olfaction was defined as good (test score 11–12), moderate (9–10), or poor (0–8). Physical functioning was assessed up to 4 times over 8 years, using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the Health Aging and Body Composition Physical Performance Battery (HABCPPB). We conducted joint model analyses and reported the differences in annual declines across olfaction groups.ResultsDuring the follow-up, compared to those with good olfaction, older adults with poor olfaction had greater annual declines in both the SPPB score (−0.137, 95% CI: −0.186, −0.088) and all its subscales: standing balance (−0.068, 95% CI: −0.091, −0.044), chair stand (−0.046, 95% CI: −0.070, −0.022), and gait speed (−0.022, 95% CI: −0.042, −0.001). A similar observation was made for the HABCPPB score (difference in annual decline: −0.032, 95% CI: −0.042, −0.021). These findings are robust and cannot be explained by measured confounding from demographics, lifestyle factors, and chronic diseases or by potential biases due to death and loss of follow-up. Similar associations were observed across subgroups of sex, race, and self-reported general health status.ConclusionThis study provides the first epidemiological evidence that poor olfaction predicts a faster decline in physical functioning. Future studies should investigate potential mechanisms.