Influenza vaccination of healthcare workers and vaccine allocation for healthcare workers during vaccine shortages
Influenza vaccination of healthcare workers and vaccine allocation for healthcare workers during vaccine shortages
复制标题
DOI：
10.1086/502512
复制
发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Weber, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Talbot, TR;Bradley, SF;Weber, DJ
流感每年导致相当大的发病率和死亡率，特别是在高危群体，如老年人、幼儿、免疫抑制个人和患有慢性病的个人。与医疗保健相关的流感传播造成了这一负担，但除非是在大规模暴发的背景下，否则往往被忽视。自1984年以来，疾病控制和预防中心一直建议与患者有直接接触的医护人员每年接种流感疫苗，自1993年以来，建议为所有医护人员接种流感疫苗。这些建议的基本原理是减少卫生工作者由于与高危患者密切接触而成为与医疗保健相关的流感的媒介的机会，并提高卫生工作者和患者的安全。尽管有这些建议以及旨在提高卫生工作者疫苗接种率的干预措施的有效性，但卫生工作者每年接种疫苗的百分比仍然低得令人无法接受。具有讽刺意味的是，在开展运动试图提高卫生和妇女事务部疫苗接种率的同时，疫苗短缺，如2004-2005年流感季节期间的短缺，对向患者和卫生工作者分配可用的疫苗供应构成了挑战。这份由两部分组成的文件概述了美国卫生保健流行病学学会对卫生工作者接种流感疫苗的立场，并根据流感传播途径和实际和适应性分配战略的基本需要，为卫生工作者在疫苗短缺期间向卫生工作者分配流感疫苗提供了指导。这些建议适用于所有类型的医疗机构，包括急性护理医院、长期护理机构和门诊护理机构。
Influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality annually, particularly in high-risk groups such as the elderly, young children, immuno suppressed individuals, and individuals with chronic illnesses. Healthcare-associated transmission of influenza contributes to this burden but is often under-recognized except in the setting of large outbreaks. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended annual influenza vaccination for healthcare workers (HCWs) with direct patient contact since 1984 and for all HCWs since 1993. The rationale for these recommendations is to reduce the chance that HCWs serve as vectors for healthcare-associated influenza due to their close contact with high-risk patients and to enhance both HCW and patient safety. Despite these recommendations as well as the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase HCW vaccination rates, the percentage of HCWs vaccinated annually remains unacceptably low. Ironically, at the same time that campaigns have sought to increase HCW vaccination rates, vaccine shortages, such as the shortage during the 2004-2005 influenza Season, present challenges regarding allocation of available vaccine supplies to both patients and HCWs. This two-part document outlines the position of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America on influenza vaccination for HCWs and provides guidance for the allocation of influenza vaccine to HCWs during a vaccine shortage based on influenza transmission routes and the essential need for a practical and adaptive strategy for allocation. These recommendations apply to all types of healthcare facilities, including acute care hospitals, long-term-care facilities, and ambulatory care settings.