How Western Soldiers Fight: Organizational Routines in Multinational Missions
How Western Soldiers Fight: Organizational Routines in Multinational Missions
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西方士兵如何作战：跨国任务中的组织惯例
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
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通讯作者：
Cornelius Friesendorf
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作者：
Cornelius Friesendorf
在当代的任务中，士兵面对的往往是非常规的对手，而不是敌军。西方士兵如何对付战犯、暴徒或叛乱分子？如何解释不同军事组织在多国任务中的行为差异？军事行为对当地民众有何影响？这本书比较了来自美国、英国、德国和意大利的军队在三个干预地点(波斯尼亚、科索沃和阿富汗)的情况，表明该领域的军队采用特殊的组织程序。弗里森多夫用例行公事的概念来解释，例如，为什么美国士兵喜欢扣动扳机，为什么英国士兵徒步巡逻，为什么德国士兵避免风险。尽管在军事结构和实践上趋同，但军队继续以不同的方式作战，往往拥有很大的自主权。这种自下而上的视角着眼于行动和战术层面的不同例行公事，从而有助于更好地了解军事任务的执行情况，并突出西方军队在保护平民方面的失败。
In contemporary missions, soldiers often face unconventional opponents rather than enemy armies. How do Western soldiers deal with war criminals, rioters, or insurgents? What explains differences in behavior across military organizations in multinational missions? How does military conduct impact local populations? Comparing troops from the United States, Britain, Germany, and Italy at three sites of intervention (Bosnia, Kosovo, and Afghanistan), this book shows that militaries in the field apply idiosyncratic organizational routines. Friesendorf uses the concept of routines to explain, for example, why US soldiers are trigger-happy, why British soldiers patrol on foot, and why German soldiers avoid risk. Despite convergence in military structures and practices, militaries continue to fight differently, often with much autonomy. This bottom-up perspective focuses on different routines at the level of operations and tactics, thus contributing to a better understanding of the implementation of military missions, and highlighting failures of Western militaries to protect civilians.