[Epidemiological study of suicide in Japan--is it possible to reduce committing suicide?].
[Epidemiological study of suicide in Japan--is it possible to reduce committing suicide?].
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日本自杀流行病学研究——是否可以减少自杀？
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Yoshioka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Yoshioka
据报道，日本每年自杀人数超过2万人，是交通事故死亡人数的两倍。然而，政府或社会很少开展保护活动。本文介绍了近年来日本自杀的实际情况，希望能在日本掀起一场政府、社会和家庭共同减少自杀人数的运动。20世纪60年代末，自杀人数还不到1.5万人，但到了70年代，自杀人数增加到2万人以上，至今没有减少，1986年达到25.6万人的最高值。日本厚生劳动省报告称，自杀率较高的县是秋田县、岩手县和新泻县，这些县的自杀率比全国平均水平高出10个百分点。另一方面，奈良、滋贺、静冈县和神奈川县的自杀率较低。在所有县中，男性的数量一直远远大于女性，而且，男性和女性年龄组（65岁以上）的自杀率远远高于64岁以下年龄组。作为自杀的背景，精神疾病占年轻一代和壮年一代所有自杀的30-50%，但作为自杀动机，疾病的痛苦在老年群体中占60-70%。我们的流行病学调查怀疑，疾病带来的痛苦并不是自杀的真正动机。疾病通常伴随着焦虑、悲观的人生观、失去家庭重要成员和经济上的不安。男性和女性（尤其是老年人）最常用的自杀方式是上吊，其次是吸入汽车尾气、溺死和服毒。日本很少使用火器。年龄、精神障碍和遗传因素被认为是自杀企图的危险因素。应该指出，改善家庭生活、精神独立、死亡教育和精神科医生的强制干预是减少自杀人数的必要条件。
It is reported that the annual number of suicides in Japan is more than 20,000, which is as twice as the number of death by traffic accidents. Nevertheless, few protective activities have been developed by government or society. This paper introduces the actual states of suicide in the past few years in Japan, expecting to start a movement for reducing suicidal number by government, society and family in Japan. The number of suicide was less than 15,000 in the late 1960s, but it increased to more than 20,000 in 1970s, which has not been reduced up to the present and the highest number 256,000 was recorded in 1986. The Ministry of Welfare reports that the prefectures showing higher rate of suicide have been Akita, Iwate and Niigata, whose suicide rates are 10 points higher than that of the national average. On the other hand, the prefectures such as Nara, Shiga, Shizuoka and Kanagawa have shown lower rate of suicide. In all the prefectures, the number of males is constantly much larger than that of females and, furthermore, the rate of suicide in the male and female aged group (over 65 years old) is much higher than that of the under-64-year-old group. As a background of suicide, psychiatric disorders account for 30-50% of all suicides in the younger and prime generations, but as a motive of suicide the pain of sickness amounts to 60-70% in the aged group. It is suspected by our epidemiological investigations that the pain of sickness is not a true motive for committing suicide. Sickness usually accompanies anxiety, pessimistic view of life, loss of an important part in his/her family and economical uneasiness. The most frequently used method for committing suicide in male and female especially in the aged group is hanging, and next to this are inhalation of car exhaust, drowning oneself and taking poisons. Firearms are quite rarely used in Japan. Aging, mental disorders and genetic factors are considered to be risk factors for suicide attempt. It should be pointed out that betterment of home life, mental independence, death education and forced intervention by psychiatrists are required to reduce the number of suicides.