Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youths: who smokes, and why?
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youths: who smokes, and why?
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女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变性青年：谁吸烟，为什么？
DOI：
10.1080/14622200601083491
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Remafedi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Remafedi
现有的研究表明，女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别（LGBT）青年的吸烟率超过了普通人群，这可能是由于压力、习惯性药物滥用、在烟雾弥漫的场所社交以及烟草营销。这项研究的总体目标是对男女同性恋、双性恋和变性者青年的烟草使用和避免情况进行定性研究。本报告侧重于确定优先亚群以及相应的风险和复原力因素。本研究采用立意抽样和最大变异抽样方法，选取30名LGBT青少年和30名互动者进行面对面访谈。近三分之一的参与者表示，所有LGBT青年都有吸烟的风险。其他答复者具体说明了一系列高风险群体，包括许多亚群体。吸烟的影响因素包括个人特征、人际关系问题、环境条件和结构问题。超过三分之一的年轻吸烟者不认识LGBT非吸烟者，无法想象他们如何避免使用烟草。一半的互动演员和四名年轻人认为不吸烟者有良好的品质--比如自尊、意志力、对个人健康、外表和幸福的关注。总之，吸烟是LGBT青年中普遍存在的问题。这些发现证实了先前的解释，并暗示了新的解释。一些风险（例如，与吸烟场所以外的LGBT同龄人社交的机会有限，希望看起来更男性化，以及与性有关的压力）和弹性因素（例如，积极的性认同）是LGBT人群所特有的，这就更加需要采取针对具体文化的预防和终止方法。强调不吸烟者和不吸烟者的积极属性可能在预防运动中证明是有用的。
Existing research indicates the rate of smoking among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youths exceeds the general population's, possibly due to stress, habitual substance abuse, socializing in smoky venues, and tobacco marketing. The study's overall aim was to conduct qualitative research regarding tobacco use and avoidance by LGBT youths. This report focuses on identifying priority subpopulations and corresponding risk and resiliency factors. Purposive and maximum variation sampling were used to select 30 LGBT youths and 30 interactors for face-to-face interviews. Almost a third of participants said that all LGBT youths are at risk for smoking. Other respondents specified a range of high-risk groups, encompassing many subpopulations. Contributing factors for smoking included personal characteristics, interpersonal issues, environmental conditions, and structural issues. More than a third of young smokers were not acquainted with LGBT nonsmokers and could not imagine how they avoid using tobacco. Half of the interactors and four youths ascribed favorable qualities to nonsmokers--such as self-esteem, will power, and concern for personal health, appearance, and well-being. In conclusion, smoking is a pervasive problem among LGBT youths. The findings corroborate prior explanations and implicate new ones. Some risks (e.g., limited opportunities to socialize with LGBT peers outside of smoking venues, the desire to appear more masculine, and sexuality-related stress) and resiliency factors (e.g., positive sexual identity) are unique to LGBT populations, reinforcing the need for culturally specific approaches to prevention and cessation. Highlighting the positive attributes of nonsmokers and nonsmoking might prove useful in prevention campaigns.