A Theory of Categorical Terrorism
A Theory of Categorical Terrorism
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绝对恐怖主义理论
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Goodwin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Goodwin
当广义上的革命者或叛乱分子不分青红皂白地攻击平民时，他们通常攻击的是“同谋平民”，即革命者认为受益于、支持和/或有能力影响革命者试图取代或推翻的国家的非战斗人员。当革命者将这些国家（或同谋的平民本身）视为针对革命者及其选民的广泛、不分皂白的暴力行为的肇事者时，这种“绝对”恐怖主义将是最广泛的。然而，如果大量同谋平民被反叛组织视为潜在支持者（或能够受到非暴力呼吁或抗议的影响），那么他们就不会受到不分青红皂白的攻击。特定类别的平民是否会被革命者视为潜在盟友，主要取决于这些平民与革命者之前的政治互动和合作历史。如果几乎没有这种互动或合作，导致革命者和同谋平民之间的政治联盟薄弱，那么绝对恐怖主义最有可能发生——例如，革命者和同谋平民说不同的语言、信奉不同的宗教、声称拥有相同的土地和/或存在领土隔离。
When revolutionaries or insurgents, broadly defined, indiscriminately attack civilians, they generally attack "complicitous civilians," i.e., those categories of noncombatants which the revolutionaries see as benefiting from, supporting and/or having a substantial capacity to influence the states that the revolutionaries are attempting to displace or overthrow. Such "categorical" terrorism will be most extensive when revolutionaries view these states (or complicitous civilians themselves) as perpetrators of extensive, indiscriminate violence against the revolutionaries and their constituents. However, if significant numbers of complicitous civilians are seen by rebel groups as potential supporters (or as capable of being influenced by nonviolent appeals or protests), then they will not be indiscriminately attacked. Whether specific categories of civilians will be perceived as potential allies by revolutionaries depends mainly on the prior history of political interaction and cooperation between these civilians and the revolutionaries. Categorical terrorism is most likely where there has been little such interaction or cooperation, resulting in weak political alliances between the revolutionaries and complicitous civilians – for example, where the revolutionaries and complicitous civilians speak different languages, practice different religions, claim the same land, and/or are territorially segregated.