Ancient DNA reveals substantial genetic diversity in the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) prior to a population bottleneck
Ancient DNA reveals substantial genetic diversity in the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) prior to a population bottleneck
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DOI：
10.1650/condor-16-35.1
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Miller, Mark P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Elia, Jesse;Haig, Susan M.;Miller, Mark P.
经历了严重种群瓶颈的极度濒危物种通常几乎没有剩余的遗传变异，因此很难重建种群历史以应用于重新引入和恢复策略。通过使用古代 DNA 技术，可以将历史种群的遗传证据与当代样本相结合，以更完整地了解一个物种在其历史范围和时间范围内的遗传变异。应用这种方法，我们检查了濒临灭绝的加州秃鹰 (Gymnogyps californianus) 的线粒体 DNA (mtDNA) 控制区（526 个碱基对）的变化。结果显示，过去 2 个世纪以来，独特单倍型减少了 80% 以上。我们在历史人群中没有发现单倍型的空间排序；该范围的外围包含在整个历史范围内常见的单倍型。对加州秃鹰博物馆标本的 mtDNA 的直接检查为了解历史种群连通性和遗传多样性提供了一个新的窗口，显示：（1）单倍型的大量损失，这与秃鹰在 19 世纪相对丰富，但由于人为死亡率而迅速下降的假设是一致的； (2)没有历史种群隔离的证据，这意味着现有的遗传数据没有理由避免在其历史分布范围内的空闲部分释放秃鹰。
Critically endangered species that have undergone severe population bottlenecks often have little remaining genetic variation, making it difficult to reconstruct population histories to apply in reintroduction and recovery strategies. By using ancient DNA techniques, it is possible to combine genetic evidence from the historical population with contemporary samples to provide a more complete picture of a species' genetic variation across its historical range and through time. Applying this approach, we examined changes in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (526 base pairs) of the endangered California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus). Results showed >80% reduction in unique haplotypes over the past 2 centuries. We found no spatial sorting of haplotypes in the historical population; the periphery of the range contained haplotypes that were common throughout the historical range. Direct examination of mtDNA from California Condor museum specimens provided a new window into historical population connectivity and genetic diversity showing: (1) a substantial loss of haplotypes, which is consistent with the hypothesis that condors were relatively abundant in the nineteenth century, but declined rapidly as a result of human-caused mortality; and (2) no evidence of historical population segregation, meaning that the available genetic data offer no cause to avoid releasing condors in unoccupied portions of their historical range.