The beginning of the end: how scaffolds nucleate autophagosome biogenesis.

The beginning of the end: how scaffolds nucleate autophagosome biogenesis.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tcb.2013.07.008
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发表时间:
2014-01
影响因子:
19
通讯作者:
Hurley, James H.
Hurley, James H.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stanley, Robin E.;Ragusa, Michael J.;Hurley, James H.

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Autophagy is a conserved mechanism that is essential for cell survival in starvation. Moreover, autophagy maintains cellular health by clearing unneeded or harmful materials from cells. Autophagy proceeds by the engulfment of bulk cytosol and organelles by a cup-shaped double membrane sheet known as the phagophore. The phagophore closes upon itself to form the autophagosome, which delivers its contents to the vacuole or lysosome for degradation. A multiprotein complex consisting of the protein kinase Atg1 together with Atg13, Atg17, Atg29, and Atg31 (ULK1, ATG13, FIP200, and ATG101 in humans) has a pivotal role in the earliest steps of this process. This review summarizes recent structural and ultrastructural analysis of the earliest step in autophagosome biogenesis and discusses a model in which the Atg1 complex clusters high curvature vesicles containing the integral membrane protein Atg9, thereby initiating the phagophore.
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