A trait‐based framework for predicting foodborne pathogen risk from wild birds
A trait‐based framework for predicting foodborne pathogen risk from wild birds
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基于性状的预测野生鸟类食源性病原体风险的框架
DOI：
10.1002/eap.2523
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Fu, Zhen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, Olivia M.;Olimpi, Elissa M.;Navarro‐Gonzalez, Nora;Cornell, Kevin A.;Frishkoff, Luke O.;Northfield, Tobin D.;Bowles, Timothy M.;Edworthy, Max;Eilers, Johnna;Fu, Zhen
最近的食源性疾病爆发增加了种植者的压力，以阻止野生动物从农场，危及保护工作。然而，目前尚不清楚哪些物种，特别是鸟类，对食品安全构成最大风险。通过对来自美国西部的139种鸟类进行超过11，000次病原体检测和1565次鸟类调查，我们研究了11种性状在介导野生鸟类食品安全风险方面的重要性。我们测试了是否与病原体暴露相关的性状（例如，栖息地协会，运动和觅食策略）和生活节奏（窝卵数和世代长度）介导的食源性病原体流行和进入农田和在作物上排便的倾向。肠道致病菌以沙门氏菌和产滋贺毒素大肠埃希菌（STEC）为主（分别为0.46%和0.22%）。我们发现，与病原体暴露相关的几个性状预测病原体的患病率。具体而言，弯曲杆菌和STEC相关毒力基因分别在与牛饲养场和鸟类饲养者相关的物种中更常见。弯曲杆菌在食用植物和世代较长的物种中也更普遍。我们发现，与饲养场相关的物种更有可能进入农田并在作物上排便。我们的研究结果表明，冠层觅食的食虫动物不太可能在作物上存款食源性病原体，这表明种植者可能能够促进食虫鸟类和保护鸟类（例如，通过巢盒）而不一定危害食品安全。因此，推广食虫鸟类可能代表鸟类保护、作物生产和食品安全的双赢。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，将农作物生产与畜牧业分离可能是降低鸟类食品安全风险的最佳方法。更广泛地说，我们基于性状的框架通过提供一种全面评估野生动物（包括未研究物种）食品安全风险的策略，为共同管理农田中的野生动物保护和食品安全风险提供了一条前进的道路。
Recent foodborne illness outbreaks have heightened pressures on growers to deter wildlife from farms, jeopardizing conservation efforts. However, it remains unclear which species, particularly birds, pose the greatest risk to food safety. Using >11,000 pathogen tests and 1565 bird surveys covering 139 bird species from across the western United States, we examined the importance of 11 traits in mediating wild bird risk to food safety. We tested whether traits associated with pathogen exposure (e.g., habitat associations, movement, and foraging strategy) and pace‐of‐life (clutch size and generation length) mediated foodborne pathogen prevalence and proclivities to enter farm fields and defecate on crops.Campylobacterspp. were the most prevalent enteric pathogen (8.0%), whileSalmonellaand Shiga‐toxin producingEscherichia coli(STEC) were rare (0.46% and 0.22% prevalence, respectively). We found that several traits related to pathogen exposure predicted pathogen prevalence. Specifically,Campylobacterand STEC‐associated virulence genes were more often detected in species associated with cattle feedlots and bird feeders, respectively.Campylobacterwas also more prevalent in species that consumed plants and had longer generation lengths. We found that species associated with feedlots were more likely to enter fields and defecate on crops. Our results indicated that canopy‐foraging insectivores were less likely to deposit foodborne pathogens on crops, suggesting growers may be able to promote pest‐eating birds and birds of conservation concern (e.g., via nest boxes) without necessarily compromising food safety. As such, promoting insectivorous birds may represent a win‐win‐win for bird conservation, crop production, and food safety. Collectively, our results suggest that separating crop production from livestock farming may be the best way to lower food safety risks from birds. More broadly, our trait‐based framework suggests a path forward for co‐managing wildlife conservation and food safety risks in farmlands by providing a strategy for holistically evaluating the food safety risks of wild animals, including under‐studied species.