Beyond vascular inflammation--recent advances in understanding atherosclerosis.
Beyond vascular inflammation--recent advances in understanding atherosclerosis.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00018-015-1971-6
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ley K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wolf D;Zirlik A;Ley K
动脉粥样硬化是全世界最危及生命的病理学。其主要的临床并发症，中风，心肌梗死和心力衰竭，在世界许多地区都在上升，尽管在了解动脉粥样硬化的原因，进展和后果方面取得了相当大的进展。最初被认为是动脉壁的脂质储存疾病（Die cellularpathologie in ihrer begründung auf physiologische und pathologische gewebelehre. August Hirschwald Verlag柏林，[1871]），动脉粥样硬化在1986年被认为是一种慢性炎性疾病（New Engl J Med 314：488-500，1986）。动脉粥样硬化病变中淋巴细胞的存在表明血管壁中的自身免疫过程（Clin Exp Immunol 64：261-268，1986）。自从动脉粥样硬化的合适小鼠模型出现（Science 258：468-471，1992; Cell 71：343-353，1992; J Clin Invest 92：883-893，1993）和流式细胞术的发展以确定动脉粥样硬化病变中的细胞浸润（J Exp Med 203：1273-1282，2006）以来，已经研究了触发或抑制动脉粥样硬化斑块中的炎症反应的不同炎症细胞的起源、谱系、表型和功能。多光子显微术最近使得能够直接可视化血管壁中T细胞和抗原呈递细胞之间的抗原特异性相互作用（J Clin Invest 122：3114-3126，2012）。血管免疫学现在正作为一个新领域出现，为保护性以及破坏性自身免疫应答提供证据（Int Immunol 25：615-622，2013）。操纵炎症和自身免疫都有望成为心血管疾病的新治疗策略。正在进行的工作（J Clin Invest 123：27-36，2013; Front Immunol 2013; Semin Immunol 31：95-101，2009）表明可能开发抗原特异性免疫调节预防和治疗-针对动脉粥样硬化的疫苗。
Atherosclerosis is the most life-threatening pathology worldwide. Its major clinical complications, stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure, are on the rise in many regions of the world—despite considerable progress in understanding cause, progression, and consequences of atherosclerosis. Originally perceived as a lipid-storage disease of the arterial wall (Die cellularpathologie in ihrer begründung auf physiologische und pathologische gewebelehre. August Hirschwald Verlag Berlin, [1871]), atherosclerosis was recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease in 1986 (New Engl J Med 314:488-500, 1986). The presence of lymphocytes in atherosclerotic lesions suggested autoimmune processes in the vessel wall (Clin Exp Immunol 64:261–268, 1986). Since the advent of suitable mouse models of atherosclerosis (Science 258:468–471, 1992; Cell 71:343-353, 1992; J Clin Invest 92:883–893, 1993) and the development of flow cytometry to define the cellular infiltrate in atherosclerotic lesions (J Exp Med 203:1273–1282, 2006), the origin, lineage, phenotype, and function of distinct inflammatory cells that trigger or inhibit the inflammatory response in the atherosclerotic plaque have been studied. Multiphoton microscopy recently enabled direct visualization of antigen-specific interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells in the vessel wall (J Clin Invest 122:3114–3126, 2012). Vascular immunology is now emerging as a new field, providing evidence for protective as well as damaging autoimmune responses (Int Immunol 25:615–622, 2013). Manipulating inflammation and autoimmunity both hold promise for new therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular disease. Ongoing work (J Clin Invest 123:27–36, 2013; Front Immunol 2013; Semin Immunol 31:95–101, 2009) suggests that it may be possible to develop antigen-specific immunomodulatory prevention and therapy—a vaccine against atherosclerosis.