Collecting field data in volcanic landscapes using small UAS (sUAS)/drones
Collecting field data in volcanic landscapes using small UAS (sUAS)/drones
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.07.006
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Jordan, Benjamin R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jordan, Benjamin R.
过去几年，无人机/系统（UAV 或 UAS）（通常称为“无人机”）的开发和可用性迅速增长。无人机是远程操作的飞行器，可以是固定翼飞机、直升机或具有多个螺旋桨的飞行系统。小型无人机系统（这里特别称为“sUAS”）已经变得如此普遍，以至于可以在一般零售商店轻松购买。本文旨在回顾和总结小型无人机在火山研究中的应用。鉴于其尺寸、低成本和相对耐用性，小型无人机系统提供了一个轻量级的工具平台，易于运输到现场地点；快速设置；并且易于启动和控制。它们只需要很少的发射和回收空间。由于这些特性，小型无人机系统可用于收集即时和实时航空数据，特别是在偏远、难以到达、动态和/或危险的火山环境中。在火山地区，小型无人机已被用于测绘、样本采集、热成像、磁力勘测、边坡稳定性研究，以及作为测量二氧化碳和二氧化硫释气的传感器平台。它们对于火山喷发期间和喷发后的实时危险评估也变得非常有价值。然而，它们受到飞行时间的限制，而飞行时间受风速的影响很大。由于它们主要由塑料制成，因此它们也会受到活跃火山地区高温的影响，这会降低其结构和性能。然而，随着技术的不断进步，小型无人机有可能显着提高我们收集现场数据的能力。由于与其使用相关的额外自然、技术和法律挑战，用户了解并遵守与小型无人机相关的所有国家和地方法律至关重要。 (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V.
The last several years have seen a very rapid increase in the development and availability of unmanned aerial vehicles/systems (UAV or UAS), more commonly called "drones." UAS are remotely-operated aerial vehicles that can be fixed-wing planes, helicopters, or aerial systems with multiple propellers. Small versions of UAS, here called "sUAS," in particular, have become so prevalent that they can be easily purchased at general retail stores. This paper seeks to review and summarize the use of sUAS in volcanic research. Given their size, low cost, and relative durability, sUAS provide a light-weight tool platform that is easy to transport to field locations; quick to set-up; and easy to launch, and control. They require very little launch and recovery space. Because of these characteristics, sUAS are useful in collecting immediate and realtime aerial data, especially in remote, inaccessible, dynamic, and/or hazardous, volcanic environments. In volcanic areas, sUAS have been used for mapping, sample collection, thermal imaging, magnetic surveys, slope stability studies, and as platforms for sensors to measure outgassing of CO2 and SO2. They are also becoming invaluable for real-time hazard assessment during and after an eruption. They are, however, limited by their flight time, which is greatly affected by wind speeds. Since they are predominately made of plastic, they are also impacted by the high thermal temperatures found in active volcanic areas, which can degrade their structure and performance. With continued technological improvement however, sUAS have the potential to dramatically improve our ability to collect field data. Because of additional natural, technological, and legal challenges related to their use, it is critical that users be aware of, and adhere to, all national and local laws associated with sUAS. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V.