Inspiraling streams of enriched gas observed around a massive galaxy 11 billion years ago
Inspiraling streams of enriched gas observed around a massive galaxy 11 billion years ago
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DOI：
10.1126/science.abj9192
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发表时间：
2023-05
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Shiwu Zhang;Zhengliang Cai;Da Xu;R. Shimakawa;F. Arrigoni Battaia;J. Prochaska;R. Cen;Zheng Zheng-Zheng;Yunjing Wu;Qiong Li;L. Dou;Jianfeng Wu;A. Zabludoff;Xiaohui Fan;Y. Ai;E. Golden-Marx;Miao Li;Youjun Lu;Xiangcheng Ma;Sen Wang;Ran Wang;F. Yuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shiwu Zhang;Zhengliang Cai;Da Xu;R. Shimakawa;F. Arrigoni Battaia;J. Prochaska;R. Cen;Zheng Zheng-Zheng;Yunjing Wu;Qiong Li;L. Dou;Jianfeng Wu;A. Zabludoff;Xiaohui Fan;Y. Ai;E. Golden-Marx;Miao Li;Youjun Lu;Xiangcheng Ma;Sen Wang;Ran Wang;F. Yuan
恒星在星系中形成，来自星系际介质吸积的气体。模拟表明，气体的再循环--即先前从星系中喷出的气体的再吸积--可以维持早期宇宙中星星的形成。我们观测到一个大质量星系周围的气体在红移2.3和检测中性氢，氦和电离碳的发射线，从星系延伸100千秒差距。这种环星系气体的运动学与一种螺旋流相一致。碳丰度表明，这些气体已经富含比氦更重的元素，这些元素以前是从星系中喷射出来的。我们解释的结果作为证据的气体循环过程中高红移星系组装。描述编辑摘要伽略星从周围的星系际介质中吸积气体，然后将这些气体转化为恒星。反馈过程，如超新星爆炸，使气体中含有比氦重的元素，并可以赋予足够的动量将一些气体喷射出星系。S. Zhang等人在红移2.3处观测到一个大质量星系周围的星系际介质。除了氢和氦引起的发射线外，他们还观察到碳的发射线，这表明气体中富含较重的元素。运动学与气体流螺旋式地流向大质量星系是一致的。作者提出，富集气体是从星星形成的早期循环而来的。- 基思T.史密斯观测到星系际气体流因先前星星的形成而富集，螺旋形地流向一个大质量星系。
Stars form in galaxies, from gas that has been accreted from the intergalactic medium. Simulations have shown that recycling of gas—the reaccretion of gas that was previously ejected from a galaxy—could sustain star formation in the early Universe. We observe the gas surrounding a massive galaxy at redshift 2.3 and detect emission lines from neutral hydrogen, helium, and ionized carbon that extend 100 kiloparsecs from the galaxy. The kinematics of this circumgalactic gas is consistent with an inspiraling stream. The carbon abundance indicates that the gas had already been enriched with elements heavier than helium, previously ejected from a galaxy. We interpret the results as evidence of gas recycling during high-redshift galaxy assembly. Description Editor’s summary Galaxies accrete gas from the surrounding intergalactic medium and then turn this gas into stars. Feedback processes such as supernova explosions enrich the gas with elements heavier than helium and can impart enough momentum to eject some gas out of the galaxy. S. Zhang et al. observed the intergalactic medium around a massive galaxy at redshift 2.3. In addition to emission lines caused by hydrogen and helium, they observed lines for carbon, indicating that the gas has been enriched with heavier elements. The kinematics are consistent with streams of gas spiraling toward the massive galaxy. The authors propose that the enriched gas has been recycled from an earlier period of star formation. —Keith T. Smith Streams of intergalactic gas enriched by previous star formation were observed spiraling toward a massive galaxy.