Vorticity, Kinetic Energy, and Suppressed Gravitational-Wave Production in Strong First-Order Phase Transitions.
Vorticity, Kinetic Energy, and Suppressed Gravitational-Wave Production in Strong First-Order Phase Transitions.
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.125.021302
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发表时间：
2019-06
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
D. Cutting;M. Hindmarsh;D. Weir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Cutting;M. Hindmarsh;D. Weir
我们已经完成了早期宇宙中强一阶热相变的第一个三维模拟。对于爆燃，我们发现，旋转分量的流体速度增加的过渡强度的增加。然而，对于爆炸，旋转速度分量保持恒定和小。我们还发现，当我们增加过渡强度时，动能传递到流体的效率福尔斯低于理论预期。动能亏损的可能起源是在碰撞过程中形成亚稳相的再加热液滴，使气泡壁变慢。与早期工作中预测的相比，在强跃迁中爆燃的引力波能量密度的增加率被抑制。这在很大程度上是由于动能的减少。因此，当前的模型大大高估了具有爆燃的强跃迁的引力波信号，在最极端的情况下，高估了10^{3}倍。引爆受到的影响较小。
We have performed the first three-dimensional simulations of strong first-order thermal phase transitions in the early universe. For deflagrations, we find that the rotational component of the fluid velocity increases as the transition strength is increased. For detonations, however, the rotational velocity component remains constant and small. We also find that the efficiency with which kinetic energy is transferred to the fluid falls below theoretical expectations as we increase the transition strength. The probable origin of the kinetic energy deficit is the formation of reheated droplets of the metastable phase during the collision, slowing the bubble walls. The rate of increase in the gravitational wave energy density for deflagrations in strong transitions is suppressed compared to that predicted in earlier work. This is largely accounted for by the reduction in kinetic energy. Current modeling therefore substantially overestimates the gravitational wave signal for strong transitions with deflagrations, in the most extreme case by a factor of 10^{3}. Detonations are less affected.