The demand for water in rural areas: determinants and policy implications.
The demand for water in rural areas: determinants and policy implications.
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农村地区的水需求：决定因素和政策影响。
DOI：
10.4324/9781351159289-30
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Banco Mundial
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Banco Mundial
改善供水的充足性和质量是发展中国家农村发展的一个优先事项。迄今为止，各国政府和国际捐助者解决这一问题的战略一直是供应驱动型的；需求在选择适当政策方面的根本重要性几乎被忽视了。认识到有效的政策和规划必须考虑到农村客户的需要和准备支付的费用，这促使世界银行对家庭对改善供水服务的需求进行多国研究。本文总结了1987- 1990年对拉丁美洲、非洲和南亚选定地区农村需求决定因素的调查结果。研究小组使用直接（条件评估）调查和间接（显示偏好）方法来估计家庭愿意为不同水平和类型的改善付费。该方法对如何决定适合特定社区的服务级别以及如何为改进后的服务付费产生了一些有启发性的见解。该小组确定了四大类村庄情况，并制定了适当的政策，从一种极端是全额提供住房连接，到另一种极端是传统供应没有改善。
Improving the adequacy and quality of water supplies is a priority for rural development in developing countries. So far, the strategies of governments and international donors for tackling the problem have been supply-driven; the fundamental importance of demand in the selection of appropriate policies has been virtually ignored. The realization that effective policy and planning must take into account what the rural clients want and are prepared to pay for was the impetus for the World Bank's multicountry study of households' demand for improved water services. This article summarizes the findings of the 1987-90 investigation of determinants of rural demand in selected regions of Latin America, Africa, and South Asia. The research team used both direct (contingent valuation) surveys and indirect (revealed preference) methods to estimate households willingness to pay for different levels and types of improvement. The methodology produced some illuminating insights into how to decide what level of service is appropriate for a particular community and how the improved services should be paid for. The team identified 4 broad categories of village situations, with appropriate policies ranging from the provision of house connections at full cost of one extreme, to no improvement in traditional supplies at the other extreme.