Forest Fragmentation Drives the Loss of Insectivorous Birds and an Associated Increase in Herbivory
Forest Fragmentation Drives the Loss of Insectivorous Birds and an Associated Increase in Herbivory
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森林破碎化导致食虫鸟类的减少以及食草动物的增加
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Farwig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Franziska Peter;D. G. Berens;G. Grieve;N. Farwig
食虫鸟类在自然界控制草食性昆虫方面起着决定性的作用。因此，它们可以促进植物个体的生长、繁殖和存活，并长期有益于植物再生。然而，特别是在热带地区，森林的破碎化被认为会导致食虫鸟类的减少。然而，目前还不清楚这是否会阻碍食草昆虫的营养控制，对植物产生潜在的影响。因此，我们调查了森林破碎化的影响，食虫鸟类，草食性昆虫，植物在亚热带森林景观，南非之间的三营养相互作用。我们监测了鸟类的群落组成和食虫鸟类丰度估计沿着梯度的森林破碎化。在同一地点，我们安装了一个共同的植物物种（Englerophytum natalense）的鸟类围栏，以评估食虫鸟类的食草昆虫和叶面积损失（LAL）的营养控制的影响。森林破碎化强烈地塑造了鸟类群落的功能组成，特别是通过失去依赖森林的食虫鸟类。此外，LAL是较高的鸟类围栏内比控制分支，并增加森林破碎化的控制分支。总之，森林破碎化似乎阻碍了食虫鸟类通过改变群落组成对食草昆虫的营养控制。这反过来又可能干扰三营养相互作用和生态过程。因此，旨在加强对食草昆虫自然控制的保护工作应侧重于维护与景观尺度上较小森林片段连接良好的连续土著森林。
Insectivorous birds are known to play a decisive role for the natural control of herbivorous insects. Thus, they enhance the growth, reproduction, and survival of plant individuals and in the long‐term benefit plant regeneration. However, particularly in the tropics, forest fragmentation has been suggested to cause a loss of insectivorous birds. Yet, it is unclear whether this hampers the trophic control of herbivorous insects with potential consequences for plants. Therefore, we investigated the effect of increasing forest fragmentation on tritrophic interactions between insectivorous birds, herbivorous insects, and plants in a subtropical forest landscape, South Africa. We monitored the community composition of birds and estimated insectivorous bird abundances along a gradient of forest fragmentation. In the same sites, we installed bird exclosures on a common plant species (Englerophytum natalense) to assess effects of the trophic control of insectivorous birds on herbivorous insects and leaf area loss (LAL). Forest fragmentation strongly shaped the functional composition of bird communities, particularly through a loss of forest‐dependent insectivorous birds. Moreover, LAL was higher within bird exclosures than on control branches and increased with increasing forest fragmentation on the control branches. Altogether, forest fragmentation seems to hamper the trophic control of herbivorous insects by insectivorous birds through changes in the community composition. This, in turn, may interfere with tritrophic interactions and ecological processes. Thus, conservation efforts aiming at enhancing the natural control of herbivorous insects should focus on the maintenance of continuous indigenous forests that are well‐connected to smaller forest fragments on the landscape scale.
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Douglas M. Bates;M. Maechler;Ben Bolker;Steven C. Walker
通讯作者：
Douglas M. Bates;M. Maechler;Ben Bolker;Steven C. Walker