Interaction between the caudal brainstem and the lamprey central pattern generator for locomotion.
Interaction between the caudal brainstem and the lamprey central pattern generator for locomotion.
复制标题
尾部脑干和七鳃鳗中央模式发生器之间的相互作用以进行运动。
DOI：
10.1016/0306-4522(96)00184-4
复制
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Kiemel,T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen,AH;Guan,L;Harris,J;Jung,R;Kiemel,T
由于其显着的简单性和分离制备的稳健性，七鳃鳗已被用作研究运动及其中心模式发生器的模型系统。在这种情况下，脊髓的功能相对较好地被理解，但大脑甚至尾部脑干的作用仍然不太了解。我们在这里提出了一项关于尾部脑干和脊髓运动模式发生器之间相互作用的研究。我们表明，相互作用是高度复杂的，从脑干到脊髓的前馈输入和从脊髓到脑干的反馈输入在运动过程中的运动输出中发挥着重要作用。脑干在受到药理学广泛刺激时，可以启动虚构的运动，或者可以破坏或改变正在进行的 d-谷氨酸启动的运动输出。破坏的性质差异很大，并且可能引起普遍的不规则性，而改变可能包括加速或减速爆发。所有行为均通过运动神经放电频谱图显示。我们还表明，未受刺激的脑干可以破坏并减缓爆发，但方式很复杂。最后，还描述了从尾部脑干发起的缓慢的情景行为。这可以通过 D-谷氨酸到达脑干或通过脊髓模式发生器的上行活动引起。因此，我们证明在运动过程中脑干和脊髓之间的相互作用是高度复杂的。脑干-脊髓组合制剂所表现出的运动变化极大。这与仅在脊髓中药理学诱导的运动输出的可变性形成鲜明对比。后一种准备表现出显着的规律性，或有时表现出不规则性，但不是常规的不规则性或脑干存在时所见的频率的系统性上下变化。然而，脑干引起的频率变化模式是不可预测的，仍有待理解。
Because of its remarkable simplicity and the robustness of the isolated preparation, the lamprey has been used as a model system to study locomotion and its central pattern generator. The function of the spinal cord is relatively well understood in this context, but the role of the brain or even the caudal brainstem remains less so. We here present a study of the interaction between the caudal brainstem and the spinal pattern generator for locomotion. We show that the interaction is highly complex, with both feedforward input from the brainstem to spinal cord and feedback input from the spinal cord to brainstem playing a significant role in the motor output during locomotion. The brainstem, when diffusely stimulated pharmacologically, can initiate fictive locomotion, or it can disrupt or alter the ongoing d-glutamate initiated motor output. The nature of the disruptions vary greatly, and can induce generalized irregularity, while the alterations can include accelerating or decelerating of the bursting. All behaviors are displayed with spectrograms of the motor nerve discharge. We also show that the unstimulated brainstem can disrupt as well as slow the bursting, but in a complex fashion. Finally, a slow episodic behavior initiated from the caudal brainstem is also described. This can be elicited either by D-glutamate to the brainstem or by ascending activity from the spinal cord pattern generator. Thus, we demonstrate that the interaction between the brainstem and the spinal cord during the production of locomotion is highly complex. The locomotion that is exhibited by the combined brainstem-spinal cord preparation is extremely variable. This is in striking contrast to the variability of the locomotor output pharmacologically induced in the spinal cord alone. The latter preparation exhibits remarkable regularity, or upon occasion, irregularity, but not the routine irregularity or the systematic up and down changes in frequency seen with the brainstem present. However, the pattern of frequency changes induced by the brainstem is not predictable, and remains to be understood.