Understanding the impact of e-commerce on last-mile light goods vehicle activity in urban areas: The case of London
Understanding the impact of e-commerce on last-mile light goods vehicle activity in urban areas: The case of London
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trd.2017.07.020
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Austwick, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allen, J.;Piecyk, M.;Austwick, M.
电子商务的增长导致城市地区越来越多地使用轻型货车运送包裹。本文深入分析了这种增长背后的原因，以及为满足电子零售商提供的严格交付服务所需的努力，这些服务通常会导致最后一英里运营中的车辆利用率低下，以及竞争对手争夺业务时城市中心的交付服务重复。一项调查当前伦敦市中心包裹递送业务的案例研究确定了最后一英里包裹递送司机面临的挑战的规模，强调了步行的重要性，步行可占所研究业务中车辆总周转时间的62%和总周转距离的40%。这些运营的特点与城市基础设施直接冲突，城市基础设施正在越来越多地重新设计，以利于步行、骑自行车和公共交通，减少了最后一英里运营的路边可达性。该文件强调了最后一英里运营商面临的其他压力，这些压力与管理季节性需求高峰有关;减少客户下订单和交付之间的周转时间;满足交付时间窗口;首次交付失败率以及需要管理高水平的产品退货。最后，它描述了零售商和包裹承运商（有时与城市当局合作）可以实施的一系列举措，以降低与最后一英里交付相关的成本，而不会对客户服务水平产生负面影响。
Growth in e-commerce has led to increasing use of light goods vehicles for parcel deliveries in urban areas. This paper provides an insight into the reasons behind this growth and the resulting effort required to meet the exacting delivery services offered by e-retailers which often lead to poor vehicle utilisation in the last-mile operation, as well as the duplication of delivery services in urban centres as competitors vie for business. A case study investigating current parcel delivery operations in central London identified the scale of the challenge facing the last-mile parcel delivery driver, highlighting the importance of walking which can account for 62% of the total vehicle round time and 40% of the total round distance in the operations studied. The characteristics of these operations are in direct conflict with the urban infrastructure which is being increasingly redesigned in favour of walking, cycling and public transport, reducing the kerbside accessibility for last-mile operations. The paper highlights other pressures on last-mile operators associated with managing seasonal peaks in demand; reduced lead times between customers placing orders and deliveries being made; meeting delivery time windows; first-time delivery failure rates and the need to manage high levels of product returns. It concludes by describing a range of initiatives that retailers and parcel carriers, sometimes in conjunction with city authorities, can implement to reduce the costs associated with last-mile delivery, without negatively impacting on customer service levels.