Comparative power curves in bird flight
Comparative power curves in bird flight
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DOI：
10.1038/nature01284
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发表时间：
2003-01-23
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Biewener, AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tobalske, BW;Hedrick, TL;Biewener, AA
在鸟类飞行中，机械功率输出与向前速度之间的关系是有争议的，这与运动的比较生理学和生态学有关（1,2）。应用于飞行的鸟类，空气动力学理论预测，机械功率应该作为向前速度的函数，呈u形曲线变化。对这一理论进行的唯一的经验检验是用黑嘴喜鹊（Pica Pica）进行的，结果表明，在中等速度下，机械功率曲线相对平坦(3)。本文通过将体内胸肌力和长度变化的测量结果与利用翅膀和身体运动数据建立的准稳态空气动力学模型相结合，得出了荷兰凤尾鹦鹉（Nymphicus hollandicus）和环斑鸠（Streptopelia risoria）的机械动力曲线。与喜鹊的曲线相反(3)，凤头鹦鹉的功率曲线是急剧凹的，而鸽子的功率曲线是中等形状，在大多数速度下显示出更高的质量比功率输出。我们还发现，在飞行的鸟类中，振翼频率和机械功率输出不一定共享最小值。因此，形态、机翼运动学和整体飞行风格等方面可以极大地影响物种力量曲线的大小和形状。
The relationship between mechanical power output and forward velocity in bird flight is controversial, bearing on the comparative physiology and ecology of locomotion(1,2). Applied to flying birds, aerodynamic theory predicts that mechanical power should vary as a function of forward velocity in a U-shaped curve. The only empirical test of this theory, using the black-billed magpie (Pica pica), suggests that the mechanical power curve is relatively flat over intermediate velocities(3). Here, by integrating in vivo measurements of pectoralis force and length change with quasi-steady aerodynamic models developed using data on wing and body movement, we present mechanical power curves for cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) and ringed turtle-doves (Streptopelia risoria). In contrast to the curve reported for magpies(3), the power curve for cockatiels is acutely concave, whereas that for doves is intermediate in shape and shows higher mass-specific power output at most speeds. We also find that wing-beat frequency and mechanical power output do not necessarily share minima in flying birds. Thus, aspects of morphology, wing kinematics and overall style of flight can greatly affect the magnitude and shape of a species' power curve.