Legacies of intensive management in forests around pre-columbian and modern settlements in the Madeira-Tapajós interfluve, Amazonia
Legacies of intensive management in forests around pre-columbian and modern settlements in the Madeira-Tapajós interfluve, Amazonia
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亚马逊流域马德拉-塔帕若斯河流域前哥伦布时代和现代定居点周围森林集约化管理的遗产
DOI：
10.1590/0102-33062018abb0339
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发表时间：
2019
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通讯作者：
C. Clement
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作者：
Maria Julia Ferreira;C. Levis;José Iriarte;C. Clement
亚马逊人使用和管理植物种群在以前驯化的景观，但景观改造的程度仍然不确定，特别是在河间地区。我们测试的假设，有用的植物群落的丰富度，丰度和断面积的前哥伦布和目前的定居点独立的距离主要河流。在Humaitá国家森林公园和嘉惠原住民土地上，在距定居点不同距离处建立了9个样地，对胸径≥ 10 cm的树木和棕榈树进行取样。访谈被用来确定物种，其用途和管理做法。我们发现高值的丰富度，丰度和有用的物种的断面积周围的定居点都接近和70公里的主要河流。不同的使用类别对目前的管理提出了不同的反应，这表明目前和过去人口的管理是有选择性的。我们发现，集约化管理和景观改造的地区不仅限于主要河流的边缘，而且还发生在距前哥伦布时期和当前定居点5公里半径内的河间地区。土著人民和当地社区长期管理其住区周围的森林，这表明他们是亚马逊河流域可持续利用的关键行为者。
Amazonian peoples use and manage plant populations in previously domesticated landscapes, but the extent of landscape transformation remains uncertain, especially in interfluvial areas. We tested the hypothesis that useful plant communities vary in richness, abundance and basal area around pre-Columbian and current settlements independent of the distance to a major river. Nine plots were established at different distances from settlements in the Humaitá National Forest and the Jiahui Indigenous Land, where trees and palms with DBH ≥ 10 cm were sampled. Interviews were used to identify species, their uses and management practices. We found high values of richness, abundance and basal area of useful species around settlements both close to and 70 km from the major river. Different use categories presented different responses to current management, which shows that management by current and past populations is selective. We showed that areas of intensive management and landscape transformation are not limited to the margins of major rivers, but also occur in interfluvial areas within a radius of 5 km from pre-Columbian and current settlements. Indigenous people and local communities manage forests around their settlements over time, showing that they are key actors in the sustainable use of Amazonia.
Kawaguchi Y.：“额叶皮质纹状体系统中的局部回路神经元。兴奋-抑制平衡：突触、回路和系统可塑性（ed Hensch T、Fagiolini M）”Kluwer 学术/全会出版社，纽约.. 23 (2003)
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