High-mass X-ray binaries in the Milky Way
High-mass X-ray binaries in the Milky Way
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00159-015-0082-6
复制
发表时间：
2013-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Walter;A. Lutovinov;E. Bozzo;S. Tsygankov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Walter;A. Lutovinov;E. Bozzo;S. Tsygankov
高质量X射线双星是研究恒星演化、核合成、星系结构和演化以及吸积过程的基础。INTEGRALandSwift的硬X射线观测极大地拓宽了我们的理解，特别是对于银河系中的超巨系统，其数量几乎增加了三倍。INTEGRAL在发现、研究和理解严重模糊的系统和快速X射线瞬变方面发挥了至关重要的作用。大多数超巨系统现在可以分为三类：经典/模糊，偏心和快速瞬变。经典系统的特点是低偏心率和变异因子，主要是由流体动力学现象发生在大于吸积半径的尺度。其中，轨道周期短、接近罗什叶瓣溢出或风慢的系统看起来非常模糊。在偏心系统中，由于沿轨道沿着的风密度的对比，变化幅度可以达到甚至更高的因子。四个超巨星系统，具有快速爆发，非常短的轨道周期和非常低的吸积率，尚未被理解。在相对较大的尺度上对吸积过程的模拟已经取得进展，并再现了部分观测结果。风团、磁场、中子星星旋转和偏心率的综合影响应该包括在未来的模拟工作中。INTEGRALin与其他天文台联合进行的观测对于探测X射线天体光谱中的回旋共振散射特征、探测它们的变化以及吸积柱和发射区的几何形状也很重要。最后，INTEGRA的独特特性及其长寿命在建立一个完整的HXMB目录，研究我们银河系中这些系统的不同种群以及限制一些时间尺度和驱动它们诞生和进化的过程中发挥了重要作用。
High-mass X-ray binaries are fundamental in the study of stellar evolution, nucleosynthesis, structure and evolution of galaxies and accretion processes. Hard X-rays observations byINTEGRALandSwifthave broadened significantly our understanding in particular for the super-giant systems in the Milky Way, whose number has increased by almost a factor of three.INTEGRALplayed a crucial role in the discovery, study and understanding of heavily obscured systems and of fast X-ray transients. Most super-giant systems can now be classified into three categories: classical/obscured, eccentric and fast transient. The classical systems feature low eccentricity and variability factor of, mostly driven by hydrodynamic phenomena occurring on scales larger than the accretion radius. Among them, systems with short orbital periods and close to Roche-Lobe overflow or with slow winds appear highly obscured. In eccentric systems, the variability amplitude can reach even higher factors because of the contrast of the wind density along the orbit. Four super-giant systems, featuring fast outbursts, very short orbital periods and anomalously low accretion rates, are not yet understood. Simulations of the accretion processes on relatively large scales have progressed and reproduce parts of the observations. The combined effects of wind clumps, magnetic fields, neutron star rotation and eccentricity ought to be included in future modelling work. Observations withINTEGRALin combination with other observatories were also important for detecting cyclotron resonant scattering features in spectra of X-ray pulsars, probing their variations and the geometry of the accretion column and emission regions. Finally, the unique characteristics ofINTEGRALand its long life time played a fundamental role for building a complete catalogue of HXMBs, to study the different populations of these systems in our Galaxy and to constrain some of the time scales and processes driving their birth and evolution.