Socially distributed knowledge: five spaces for science to meet the public
Socially distributed knowledge: five spaces for science to meet the public
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社会分布的知识：科学与公众见面的五个空间
DOI：
10.1088/0963-6625/2/4/002
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
H. Nowotny
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Nowotny
根据定义，科学在公共空间与公众见面。本文基于这样一个假设，即这个空间已经得到了相当大的扩展，并在继续分化。科学知识的传授是高度动态的，并导致了一个知识在社会上分布的过程，通过这个过程，社会上越来越多的异质场所正在被创造出来，而知识正是在这些场所产生的。五个公共空间被呈现出来，从利用社会中可用的文化表征的个人科学创造力空间，到民族科学知识和实践遇到科学知识和实践的空间，然后是专家知识和标准的专业化过程与原专业知识和标准相互联系的空间。最后两个相遇的公共空间，市场和公共论坛的混合空间，也许是最熟悉的。虽然互动的具体模式采取了非常不同的形式，从合作或加强到对抗，但据称，将公众与科学分开的界限正变得越来越不固定。因此，不仅公众的科学知识，而且科学技术知识也通过这些结构得到了转化。
By definition, science meets the public in a space which is public. This paper rests upon the assumption that this space has been considerably extended, and continues to differentiate. Imparting scientific knowledge is highly dynamic, and has led to a process of socially distributed knowledge through which an increasing number of heterogeneous sites in society are being created where knowledge is produced. Five public spaces are presented, ranging from the space of individual scientific creativity drawing upon cultural representations available in society, to a space in which ethno-scientific knowledge and practices encounter scientific ones, followed by the space in which the process of professionalization of expert knowledge and standards interlinks with protoprofessional knowledge and standards. The last two public spaces of encounter, the market and the hybrid space of public forums, are perhaps the most familiar. While the concrete patterns of interaction take very different forms, ranging from cooperative or reinforcing to confrontational, it is claimed that the boundaries separating the public from science are becoming more fluid. As a result, not only the public's knowledge of science, but also scientific and technological knowledge, are transformed through these structures.