Unusual flood events from an Alpine glacier: observations and deductions on generating mechanisms
Unusual flood events from an Alpine glacier: observations and deductions on generating mechanisms
复制标题
高山冰川异常洪水事件：生成机制的观察与推论
DOI：
10.3189/s0022143000003956
复制
发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
C R. Fenn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Warburton;C R. Fenn
摘要本文介绍了1987年7月在瑞士巴斯冰川德阿罗拉发生的一系列特别不寻常的洪水事件。这一序列是由暴雨引发的，涉及冰上的“溢出事件”（水从冰川口部的冰川冰川穴倾泻而下），继一系列的“小洪水”之后，由冰下的“爆发事件”。现有的水文和地貌数据被用来评估洪水的重要性，并推断可能的解释，为每个阶段的洪水事件序列。一个不发达的冰下排水系统的自下而上的超载是溢出事件的首选解释。冰下爆发被解释为一个极端的“春天事件”。在这两起事件中，液压千斤顶都有牵连，但未得到证实。虽然洪水序列是由一场强烈的风暴引发的，但据信大部分洪水沃茨是由英格兰储存的沃茨造成的。
Abstract Observations are presented on a particularly unusual sequence of flood events witnessed at Bas Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, in July 1987. The sequence was triggered by heavy rain storms, and involved a supraglacial “overflow event” (water cascading from moulins over the snout of the glacier) succeeded, following a series of “mini-floods”, by a subglacial “outburst event”. Available hydrological and geomorphological data are used to assess the significance of the floods and to deduce likely explanations for each phase of the flood-event sequence. Bottom-up surcharging of a poorly developed subglacial drainage system is the preferred explanation for the overflow event. The subglacial outburst is explained as an extreme “spring event”. Hydraulic jacking is implicated, but not proven, during both events. Whilst the flood sequence was triggered by an intense storm, englacially stored waters are believed to have contributed most of the flood waters.