A battery-fuel cell hybrid auxiliary power unit for trucks: Analysis of direct and indirect hybrid configurations
A battery-fuel cell hybrid auxiliary power unit for trucks: Analysis of direct and indirect hybrid configurations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enconman.2016.09.025
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
R. C. Samsun;C. Krupp;S. Baltzer;Bruno Gnörich;R. Peters;D. Stolten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. C. Samsun;C. Krupp;S. Baltzer;Bruno Gnörich;R. Peters;D. Stolten
重型车辆的引擎空转以应付中途停留期间的电力需求，需要大量的燃料消耗和相应的排放。事实上，这种运作模式效率极低，是运输部门二氧化碳总排放量的一个值得注意的贡献者。在这里，一个潜在的解决方案，这种浪费的做法，概述了一种混合动力电池-燃料电池系统的形式，作为一个辅助动力单元的卡车应用。借鉴实验验证的燃料电池和电池模型，几种可能的混合动力概念进行评估和直接和间接的混合动力配置分析使用代表性的负载配置文件。结果表明，一个直接的混合配置是唯一适用的，如果负荷需求曲线不强烈偏离假设的配置文件。一个恒定的燃料电池负载的间接混合动力的操作产生最大的混合动力系统的效率，在29.3%，而电池的大小可以减少87%，如果燃料电池是在最高的动态操作。在卡车应用中，通过在运行前使用电机的废热预热系统，可以实现最大的效率，这将系统效率从25.3%提高到28.1%，包括启动。这些研究结果证实，混合动力系统可以提供巨大的燃料节省，并构成了通往节能和环保的重型车辆，不需要燃料转换的道路上迈出的一大步。
The idling operation of engines in heavy duty vehicles to cover electricity demand during layovers entails significant fuel consumption and corresponding emissions. Indeed, this mode of operation is highly inefficient and a noteworthy contributor to the transportation sector’s aggregate carbon dioxide emissions. Here, a potential solution to this wasteful practice is outlined in the form of a hybrid battery-fuel cell system for application as an auxiliary power unit for trucks. Drawing on experimentally-validated fuel cell and battery models, several possible hybrid concepts are evaluated and direct and indirect hybrid configurations analyzed using a representative load profile. The results indicate that a direct hybrid configuration is only applicable if the load demand profile does not deviate strongly from the assumed profile. Operation of an indirect hybrid with a constant fuel cell load yields the greatest hybrid system efficiency, at 29.3%, while battery size could be reduced by 87% if the fuel cell is operated at the highest dynamics. Maximum efficiency in truck applications can be achieved by pre-heating the system prior to operation using exhaust heat from the motor, which increased system efficiency from 25.3% to 28.1%, including start-up. These findings confirm that hybrid systems could offer enormous fuel savings and constitute a sizeable step on the path toward energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly heavy duty vehicles that does not necessitate a fuel switch.