Potentially toxic elements contamination in urban soils:: A comparison of three European cities
Potentially toxic elements contamination in urban soils:: A comparison of three European cities
复制标题
DOI：
10.2134/jeq2006.0254
复制
发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Ajmone-Marsan, E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Biasioli, M.;Grcman, H.;Ajmone-Marsan, E.
对世界上几个城市的研究证实，城市土壤受到严重的人为干扰。然而，由于缺乏共同的采样和分析方案，这些调查很难进行比较。在这项研究中，卢布尔雅那（斯洛文尼亚）、塞维利亚（西班牙）和都灵（意大利）的土壤采用了通用的方法进行了广泛的采样和分析。结果显示，尽管这些城市在地理、规模、气候等方面存在差异，但它们之间存在相似之处。潜在有毒元素（PTE）的浓度范围很广，反映了弥漫性污染。在“城市”元素中，卢布尔雅那45%、都灵43%和塞维利亚11%的土壤Pb超标，卢布尔雅那、都灵和塞维利亚分别有20%、43%和2%的土壤Zn超标。PTE的分布不表现出深度依赖性，而一般土壤性质似乎对人为影响更敏感。多元统计结果显示，三个城市的PTE与Cu、Ph、Zn和Ni、Cr的相关性相似，表明前者是人为原因，后者是自然原因。除路边土壤外，铬和镍的分布不受土地利用的影响，而Cu、Ph和Zn的分布似乎更依赖于与排放源的距离。无论地点、气候和大小如何，“城市”因素——污染物排放和人为干扰的综合类型和强度——似乎在决定PTE污染趋势方面占主导地位。
Studies on several cities around the world confirm that urban soils are subject to heavy anthropogenic disturbance. However, these surveys are difficult to compare due to a lack of common sampling and analytical protocols. In this study the soils of Ljubljana (Slovenia), Sevilla (Spain), and Torino (Italy) were extensively sampled and analyzed using common procedures. Results highlighted similarities across the cities, despite their differences in geography, size, climate, etc. Potentially toxic elements (PTE) showed a wide range in concentration reflecting a diffuse contamination. Among the "urban" elements Pb exceeded the legislation threshold in 45% of Ljubljana, 43% of Torino, and 11% of Sevilla samples while Zn was above the limits in 20, 43, and 2% of the soils of Ljubljana, Torino, and Sevilla, respectively. The distribution of PTE showed no depth-dependant changes, while general soil properties seemed more responsive to anthropogenic influences. Multivariate statistics revealed similar associations between PTE in the three cities, with Cu, Ph, and Zn in a group, and Ni and Cr in another, suggesting an anthropogenic origin for the former group and natural one for the latter. Chromium and Ni were unaffected by land use, except for roadside soils, while Cu, Ph, and Zn distribution appeared to be more dependent on the distance from emission sources. Regardless of the location, climate, and size, the "urban" factor-integrating type and intensity of contaminant emission and anthropogenic disturbance-seems to prevail in determining trends of PTE contamination.