Modern Changes of the Climate and Glaciers in China's Monsoonal Temperate-Glacier Region
Modern Changes of the Climate and Glaciers in China's Monsoonal Temperate-Glacier Region
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DOI：
10.11821/xb200304009
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. He;Z. Zhang;T. Yao;T. Chen;H. Pang;D. Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. He;Z. Zhang;T. Yao;T. Chen;H. Pang;D. Zhang
本文利用气候资料、冰芯记录、树木年轮指数和冰川变化资料，重建了中国西南季风温冰川区近400年来的气候和冰川变化历史。结果表明，在经历了17 - 19世纪的两次小冰期冷期后，世纪该地区气温呈波动上升趋势，在全球变暖的背景下，大部分冰川相应退缩。但是，降水量、趋势和变化幅度在该区域的不同部分有所不同。喜马拉雅地区西部达索普冰芯的气候记录显示，降水量呈减少趋势，而温度则呈匡威趋势。然而，在横断山区和该区域东部的其他地区，由于不同来源的大气环流变化，降雨量呈上升趋势，气温也在上升。资料表明，作为中国季风型温冰川区主要控制因子的西南季风可分为两部分。一个是来自阿拉伯海的印度季风，穿过印度半岛。这就为喜马拉雅地区的降水输送了水汽，喜马拉雅地区是季风性的温带冰川地区的西部。另一部分是来自孟加拉湾的孟加拉季风，经过孟加拉国和缅甸。这是横断山区和东部其他地区降水的主要来源。另外，冬季东部受西太平洋东南季风影响，西部受西风环流南分支影响。这种复杂的大气状况导致西部和东部地区降水模式不同。
Climatic data, ice core records, the tree ring index and recorded glacier variations have been used to reconstruct a history of climatic and glacial changes in the monsoonal temperate-glacier region of southwestern China during the last 400 years. All the results indicate that the temperature in the region increased in a fluctuating manner during the 20th century, after the two cold stages of the Little Ice Age during the 17th-19th centuries, with a corresponding retreat of most of the glaciers against a background of global warming. However, the amount, trend and amplitude of variation of precipitation have differed in different parts of the region. The climatic records in the Dasuopu ice core, from the Himalaya area in the western part of the region, show a decreasing trend of precipitation, the converse of the trend of temperature. In the Hengduan Mountains and other areas of the eastern part of the region, however, a rising trend of rainfall has accompanied increasing temperatures, as a result of the variable atmosphere circulations from different sources. The data indicate that the southwestern monsoon, which is the principal controlling factor in the Chinese monsoonal temperate-glacier region, can be classified into two parts. One is the Indian monsoon from the Arabian Sea, passing across the Indian Peninsula. This transports the vapour for precipitation in the Himalaya area, the western part of the monsoonal temperate-glacier region. The other part is the Bengal monsoon from the Bay of Bengal, passing over Bangladesh and Burma. This is the major source of precipitation in the Hengduan Mountains and other areas of the eastern part of the region. In addition, the eastern part is influenced by the southeast monsoon from the western Pacific, whilst the western part is affected by the southern branch of the westerly circulation in winter. This complex atmospheric situation results in different patterns of precipitation in the western and eastern zones.