Physical and thermal properties of various ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seed varieties as a function of moisture content
Physical and thermal properties of various ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seed varieties as a function of moisture content
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DOI：
10.1111/jfpe.13310
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发表时间：
2020-02
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Himani Singh;M. Meghwal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Himani Singh;M. Meghwal
Ajwain 种子用作香料，具有很高的药用价值。本研究中选择的 ajwain 种子品种的干基水分含量 (db) 设置为 8%、12%、16% 和 20%。随着阿姜种子水分含量的增加，几何尺寸呈线性增加。随着水分含量的增加，三个品种的 ajwain 种子的真密度和孔隙率分别从 1,069 增加到 1,697 kg m3 和 15.84-42.88%。随着含水量的增加，堆积密度呈下降趋势，为1049.81~857.14 kg·m^3。还发现所有品种的摩擦系数都增加，但纸板表面的摩擦系数最大，而铝板表面的摩擦系数最小。随着水分含量的增加，种子的热扩散率从 4.09 下降到 2.46 m² s-1。导热率和比热随着水分含量的增加而显着增加。 AA-1、AA-2 和 AA-93 品种的 ajwain 种子之间的品种差异也以 5% 的显着性水平进行了研究。三个 ajwain 品种（即 AA-1、AA-2 和 AA-93）在物理和热性能方面存在显着差异。实际应用： ajwain 种子的物理和热特性将有助于设计其加工所需的工艺和设备。这些属性提供了有关种子质量、消费者可接受性以及 ajwain 生产后、储存和消费期间以及消费后行为的详细信息。有关种子大小、形状、体积、表面积、质量、密度、孔隙率等物理特性的知识有助于设计分离、储存、处理和干燥系统。分级和分级机械将基于 ajwian 种子的大小和形状。 ajwain 种子的密度和孔隙率将有助于确定料斗和储存容器的尺寸。种子的密度也会在基于密度或比重的分离中发挥作用。摩擦系数和休止角等摩擦特性将有助于设计储料仓、溜槽、料斗、螺旋输送机、脱粒机和饲料收割机。 ajwain 种子的热特性将有助于分析和设计涉及传热的设备，例如烹饪、灭菌和干燥。
Ajwain seeds are used as spice and have high medicinal values. The ajwain seed varieties selected were set at 8, 12, 16, and 20% moisture content on dry basis (db) for this study. The geometrical dimensions showed linear increment with the increase in moisture content of ajwain seeds. The true density and porosity increased from 1,069 to 1,697 kg m⁻³ and 15.84–42.88%, respectively, across the three varieties of ajwain seeds with the increasing moisture content. The bulk density showed a decreasing trend of 1049.81–857.14 kg m⁻³ with the increasing moisture content. The coefficient of friction was also found to increase for all the varieties, but the maximum friction was found for the cardboard surface and the minimum friction was observed in case of aluminium sheet. The thermal diffusivity of seeds decreased from 4.09 to 2.46 m² s⁻¹ with the increasing moisture content. Thermal conductivity and specific heat showed a marked increase with increasing moisture content. Varietal differences among the ajwain seeds of variety AA‐1, AA‐2, and AA‐93 were also studied at 5% significance level. Significant differences were observed between the three ajwain varieties, namely AA‐1, AA‐2, and AA‐93 in context to their physical and thermal properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The physical and thermal properties of ajwain seeds will be useful in designing of processes and equipment required for its processing. These properties give detailed information about the quality of the seeds, its acceptability to consumers and the behavior of the ajwain post production, during storage and consumption and post consumption. The knowledge on physical properties such as seed size, shape, volume, surface area, mass, density, porosity helps in designing the separating, storing, handling, and drying systems. The grading and sizing machineries will be based on the size and shape of the ajwian seeds. The density and porosity of the ajwain seeds will help in sizing the hoppers and storage containers. The density of seeds will also play role in separation based on density or specific gravities. The frictional properties like coefficient of friction and angle of repose will help in designing the storage bins, chutes, hoppers, screw conveyers, threshers, and forage harvesters. Thermal properties of ajwain seeds will be useful in analyzing and designing of equipment involving heat transfer, such as in case of cooking, sterilizing and drying.