Transgender social inclusion and equality: a pivotal path to development
Transgender social inclusion and equality: a pivotal path to development
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DOI：
10.7448/ias.19.3.20803
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Keatley, JoAnne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Divan, Vivek;Cortez, Clifton;Keatley, JoAnne
导言：跨性别者的权利受到一系列国际和区域机制的保护。然而，针对变性人的惩罚性国家法律、政策和做法，包括更改身份证件的复杂程序，剥夺了变性人的权利，限制了他们诉诸司法的机会。这导致国家犯罪者和整个社会严重侵犯人权。变性人在全球的经历是极端的社会排斥，转化为更容易感染艾滋病毒和其他疾病，包括心理健康状况，获得教育和就业的机会有限，失去经济和社会进步的机会。此外，对不符合性别方面社会规范的群体的仇恨和攻击，表现在对变性人的极端暴力事件频繁发生。讨论：联合国开发计划署（开发署）从人权的透镜看待其在艾滋病毒领域的工作，并提出了一系列发展解决方案，如减贫、改善治理、积极的公民意识和诉诸司法。这项工作直接关系到促进变性人的权利。这份手稿列出了健康、人权和发展的各个方面，这些方面构成了跨性别者的问题，并概述了地球仪各地跨性别者社区和政府关于如何解决这些复杂问题的最佳实践解决方案。手稿中提供的例子可以帮助指导联合国机构、各国政府和跨性别活动家为世界各地的跨性别社区实现更好的健康标准、诉诸司法和社会包容。该手稿呼吁各国采取行动，紧急处理侵犯变性人人权的行为，以履行国际义务，遏制艾滋病毒流行，促进性别平等，加强社会和经济发展，制止肆无忌惮的暴力。
Introduction: The rights of trans people are protected by a range of international and regional mechanisms. Yet, punitive national laws, policies and practices targeting transgender people, including complex procedures for changing identification documents, strip transgender people of their rights and limit access to justice. This results in gross violations of human rights on the part of state perpetrators and society at large. Transgender people's experience globally is that of extreme social exclusion that translates into increased vulnerability to HIV, other diseases, including mental health conditions, limited access to education and employment, and loss of opportunities for economic and social advancement. In addition, hatred and aggression towards a group of individuals who do not conform to social norms around gender manifest in frequent episodes of extreme violence towards transgender people. This violence often goes unpunished.Discussion: The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) views its work in the area of HIV through the lens of human rights and advances a range of development solutions such as poverty reduction, improved governance, active citizenship, and access to justice. This work directly relates to advancing the rights of transgender people. This manuscript lays out the various aspects of health, human rights, and development that frame transgender people's issues and outlines best practice solutions from transgender communities and governments around the globe on how to address these complex concerns. The examples provided in the manuscript can help guide UN agencies, governments, and transgender activists in achieving better standards of health, access to justice, and social inclusion for transgender communities everywhere.Conclusions: The manuscript provides a call to action for countries to urgently address the violations of human rights of transgender people in order to honour international obligations, stem HIV epidemics, promote gender equality, strengthen social and economic development, and put a stop to untrammelled violence.