Policing the drunk driver: Measuring law enforcement involvement in reducing alcohol-impaired driving
Policing the drunk driver: Measuring law enforcement involvement in reducing alcohol-impaired driving
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jsr.2006.10.007
复制
发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
LeVerne, Gilbert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dula, Chris S.;Dwyer, William O.;LeVerne, Gilbert
简介：由于每年仍有数千人死于酒后驾车（DUI），我们必须继续解决制定和维持有效对策的问题，并对这些努力进行实证审查。本文介绍了来自全州数据集的相关发现。结果如下：一个公式生成一个潜在的有用的度量评估方面的DUI起诉链，侧重于积极DUI逮捕率。虽然由于大型数据库固有的不准确性、多个管辖区的撞车和/或逮捕数量较少以及其他州缺乏复制等问题，需要谨慎解释，但分析显示，酒后驾车逮捕活动的水平与酒后驾车相关撞车事件之间没有关系。这一调查结果使人们对目前正在执行的每年用于有针对性的酒后驾车执法的数百万美元的效力产生了疑问。结论：结果进行了讨论，制定适当的劝阻DUI，以提高一般威慑通过积极DUI执法大幅增加，然后从事这种努力的普遍和持久的社会营销，以最大限度地提高逮捕和惩罚DUI总是迫在眉睫的看法，处罚将是迅速的，肯定的，和严重的。它是呼应，准确的数据需要收集在所有级别的DUI逮捕和起诉过程中的每一个司法管辖区内的一个国家，以促进减少酒精相关的崩溃对策的有效性的经验评估。对行业的影响：鉴于这项工作需要复制，对交通安全行业的影响可能是巨大的。目前的数据表明，进一步减少与酒后驾车有关的撞车事故的执法努力显然是无效的，尽管可能有必要保持80年代和90年代初实现的减少。因此，为了实现更多的系统性减少，有必要大幅增加执法力度，以及减少工作的多样化，包括增加积极的社会营销策略，通过使DUI普遍不可接受来积极影响我们的交通安全文化（关于后一个问题的讨论以及使用正强化来改变驾驶员行为，见Dula & Geller，2007）。(c)2007年国家安全理事会和爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Introduction: With many thousands of deaths still annually attributable to driving under the influence (DUI), it remains imperative that we continually address the problem of producing and sustaining effective countermeasures, and that we subject these efforts to empirical scrutiny. This article presents relevant findings from state-wide datasets. Results: A formula generating a potentially useful metric for assessing aspects of the DUI prosecutorial chain is presented, focusing on the rate of proactive DUI arrests. While in need of cautious interpretation due to issues of inherent inaccuracies in large databases, small numbers of crashes and/or arrests in multiple jurisdictions, and the lack of replication in other states, the analyses show no relationship between the level of DUI arrest activity and DUI-related crashes. This finding brings into question the efficacy of the many millions of dollars devoted each year to targeted DUI enforcement, as it is currently being implemented. Conclusions: Results are discussed in terms of developing adequate disincentives to DUI so as to raise general deterrence via dramatic increases in proactive DUI enforcement and then engaging in pervasive and persistent social marketing of such efforts to maximize the perception that arrest and punishment for DUI is always imminent, that penalties will be swift, certain, and severe. It is echoed that accurate data need to be collected at all levels of the DUI arrest and prosecution process in every jurisdiction within a state, so as to facilitate the empirical assessment of countermeasure efficacy in reducing alcohol-related crashes. Impact on Industry: Given that this work needs to be replicated, the impact on the traffic safety industry is potentially huge. The present data indicate that law enforcement efforts to further abate DUI-related crashes are apparently ineffective, though likely necessary to maintain reductions achieved in the 80s and early 90s. Thus, to attain additional systematic reductions, a dramatic increase in enforcement will be necessary as will a diversification of abatement efforts, including an increase in aggressive social marketing tactics to positively impact our traffic safety culture by making DUI universally unacceptable (for a discussion of this latter issue and on the use of positive reinforcement to change driver behavior, see Dula & Geller, 2007). (c) 2007 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.