A hierarchy of time-scales and the brain.
A hierarchy of time-scales and the brain.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000209
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发表时间：
2008-11
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Friston KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kiebel SJ;Daunizeau J;Friston KJ
在本文中，我们认为皮质解剖学概括了在环境状态的动力学中遗传的临时层次结构该层次结构对应于与感觉处理相关的快速波动，而编码慢速上下文变化的最高级别在其下更快的表示，我们描述了一个数学模型，该模型利用快速感官输入的临时结构来跟踪其基本原因的较慢的轨迹。然后，我们审查的经验证据表明，暂时的层次结构在皮层的宏观组织。该解剖阶梯层次结构为理解皮质功能提供了一个全面感官区域。框架提供了有关皮质结构 - 功能关系的预测和主要约束，可以通过操纵感觉输入的时间尺度来测试。
当前，没有理论可以解释人类大脑的大规模组织与我们的环境相关。大脑将整个环境建模为层次，动态系统的集合，较慢的环境变化为更快的变化提供了背景。我们理论的简单映射与大脑的解剖层次结构之间。
In this paper, we suggest that cortical anatomy recapitulates the temporal hierarchy that is inherent in the dynamics of environmental states. Many aspects of brain function can be understood in terms of a hierarchy of temporal scales at which representations of the environment evolve. The lowest level of this hierarchy corresponds to fast fluctuations associated with sensory processing, whereas the highest levels encode slow contextual changes in the environment, under which faster representations unfold. First, we describe a mathematical model that exploits the temporal structure of fast sensory input to track the slower trajectories of their underlying causes. This model of sensory encoding or perceptual inference establishes a proof of concept that slowly changing neuronal states can encode the paths or trajectories of faster sensory states. We then review empirical evidence that suggests that a temporal hierarchy is recapitulated in the macroscopic organization of the cortex. This anatomic-temporal hierarchy provides a comprehensive framework for understanding cortical function: the specific time-scale that engages a cortical area can be inferred by its location along a rostro-caudal gradient, which reflects the anatomical distance from primary sensory areas. This is most evident in the prefrontal cortex, where complex functions can be explained as operations on representations of the environment that change slowly. The framework provides predictions about, and principled constraints on, cortical structure–function relationships, which can be tested by manipulating the time-scales of sensory input. Currently, there is no theory that explains how the large-scale organization of the human brain can be related to our environment. This is astonishing because neuroscientists generally assume that the brain represents events in our environment by decoding sensory input. Here, we propose that the brain models the entire environment as a collection of hierarchical, dynamical systems, where slower environmental changes provide the context for faster changes. We suggest that there is a simple mapping between this temporal hierarchy and the anatomical hierarchy of the brain. Our theory provides a framework for explaining a wide range of neuroscientific findings by a single principle.
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影响因子：
4
作者：
Fujimoto, K;Kaneko, K
通讯作者：
Kaneko, K
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2005.1622
发表时间：
2005-04-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Friston, KJ
通讯作者：
Friston, KJ
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Felleman, Daniel J.;Van Essen, David C.
通讯作者：
Van Essen, David C.
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Glaze, CM;Troyer, TW
通讯作者：
Troyer, TW
影响因子：
7.8
作者：
HAKEN, H;KELSO, JAS;PANDYA, AS
通讯作者：
PANDYA, AS