Recent evidence from epidemiological studies on methylmercury toxicity.
Recent evidence from epidemiological studies on methylmercury toxicity.
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DOI：
10.1265/jjh.66.682
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发表时间：
2011-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Murata;Minoru Yoshida;M. Sakamoto;Miyuki Iwai-Shimada;Kozue Yaginuma-Sakurai;Nozomi Tatsuta;Toyoto Iwata;K. Karita;Kunihiko Nakai
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文献类型：
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作者：
K. Murata;Minoru Yoshida;M. Sakamoto;Miyuki Iwai-Shimada;Kozue Yaginuma-Sakurai;Nozomi Tatsuta;Toyoto Iwata;K. Karita;Kunihiko Nakai
自水俣病爆发以来，已经过去了50多年，在发达国家，由于工业废水或含甲基汞的杀菌剂中毒而导致的大规模甲基汞中毒几乎没有发生。另一方面，在发展中国家的金矿和汞矿区，环境汞污染已普遍存在。在这篇文章中，我们提供了一个关于甲基汞对人类健康影响的最新研究的概述，我们使用美国国家医学图书馆的PubMed进行了搜索。针对低水平甲基汞暴露，获得了以下建议：（1）近年来，针对甲基汞的人体研究比例呈下降趋势。(2)在调整多氯联苯和母亲怀孕期间的鱼类摄入量后，产前通过鱼类摄入甲基汞，即使是低水平的甲基汞，也会对儿童发育产生不利影响，而母亲的海鲜摄入量则有一些好处。(3)通过食用大眼金枪鱼和箭鱼等鱼类长期接触甲基汞可能会造成涉及交感迷走神经失衡的心脏事件的潜在风险。(4)对1945~1989年出生于水俣地区的居民脐带中甲基汞含量进行了测定，发现1947~1968年出生的居民脐带中甲基汞含量较高（≥ 1mg/g），且峰值与水俣地区乙醛产生的峰值相吻合。(5)由于一些发展中国家似乎与日本过去的情况类似，因此应注意及早识别危险因子并采取预防措施。
More than fifty years have passed since the outbreak of Minamata disease, and large-scale methylmercury poisoning due to industrial effluents or methylmercury-containing fungicide intoxication has scarcely happened in developed countries. On the other hand, widespread environmental mercury contamination has occurred in gold and mercury mining areas of developing countries. In this article, we provided an overview of recent studies addressing human health effects of methylmercury, which we searched using the PubMed of the US National Library of Medicine. The following suggestions were obtained for low-level methylmercury exposure: (1) In recent years, the proportion of human studies addressing methylmercury has tended to decrease. (2) Prenatal exposure to methylmercury through fish intake, even at low levels, adversely affects child development after adjusting for polychlorinated biphenyls and maternal fish intake during pregnancy, whereas maternal seafood intake has some benefits. (3) Long-term methylmercury exposure through consumption of fish such as bigeye tuna and swordfish may pose a potential risk of cardiac events involving sympathovagal imbalance. (4) In measuring methylmercury levels in preserved umbilical cord collected from inhabitants born in Minamata areas between 1945 and 1989, the elevated concentrations (≥1 mg/g) were observed mainly in inhabitants born between 1947 and 1968, and the peak coincided with the peak of acetaldehyde production in Minamata. (5) Since some developing countries appear to be in similar situations to Japan in the past, attention should be directed toward early recognition of a risky agent and precautions should be taken against it.