ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT - THEORY AND INTERNATIONAL EVIDENCE
ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT - THEORY AND INTERNATIONAL EVIDENCE
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DOI：
10.1086/452171
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发表时间：
1995-04-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
HEIDEBRINK, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ANTLE, JM;HEIDEBRINK, G
经济发展的环境影响对低收入和高收入国家今天面临的一系列广泛的政策问题具有重大影响。在国际上，农业研究中心正在考虑如何将可持续性问题纳入其研究议程，而国际贷款机构正在密切关注工业项目的环境后果。在国内，北美自由贸易协定使经济发展与环境质量之间的关系成为美国公共政策辩论的焦点。“令人惊讶的是，尽管战后发展经济学的发展，环境经济学的起源，以及这两个领域的思想融合到可持续发展的主题中，经济学家在描述长期经济增长对环境质量的影响方面没有取得太大进展。然而，在坚持认为环境退化是经济增长的必然结果的个人和认为经济增长与环境质量密切相关的人之间，已经出现了激烈的公开辩论。1992年在里约热内卢举行的联合国环境与发展会议突出强调了这一辩论。在某种程度上，这场辩论取决于环境质量的总需求和总供给的性质。如果对环境质量或设施的需求的收入弹性很高，那么经济增长带来的繁荣程度的增加可能会导致对环境质量的需求大大增加。经济增长的支持者认为，这一需求将转化为更高的实现水平的质量，无论是公共和私人机构和组织。1995年由芝加哥大学出版。All rights reserved. 0013-0079/95/4303-0039 $01. 00
The environmental effects of economic development have significant implications for a wide array of policy questions facing both low-and high-income countries today. Internationally, agricultural research centers are considering how to incorporate sustainability issues into their research agendas, while international lending institutions are taking a close look at the environmental consequences of industrial projects. Domestically, the North American Free Trade Agreement has brought the relationship between economic development and environmental quality to the forefront of US public policy debate.'It is surprising that despite the postwar growth of development economics, the genesis of environmental economics, and the fusion of ideas from both fields into the theme of sustainable development, economists have not made much progress in describing the impacts of long-term economic growth on environmental quality. Yet a vigorous public debate has arisen between individuals who maintain that environmental degradation is a necessary outcome of economic growth and those who believe that economic growth and environmental quality go hand in hand. This debate was highlighted at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro. In part this debate hinges on the properties of the aggregate demand for and supply of environmental quality. If the income elasticity of demand for environmental quality or amenities is high, then the increased prosperity engendered by economic growth could lead to significantly higher demand for environmental quality. Proponents of economic growth believe this demand will translate into a higher realized level of quality, as both public and private institutions and organi-? 1995 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 0013-0079/95/4303-0039 $01. 00