Health-Related Environmental Indices and Environmental Equity in England and Wales
Health-Related Environmental Indices and Environmental Equity in England and Wales
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英格兰和威尔士的健康相关环境指数和环境公平
DOI：
10.1068/a3691
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Wheeler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Wheeler
这项研究开发了小面积的健康相关的环境指数为英格兰和威尔士的社会经济不公平的环境风险分布的调查的背景下。选择环境危害，相关的数据集，并将其归因于标准的小区域地理使用地理信息系统。1991年人口普查病房的四个指数建议，有关环境空气质量，大气中的化学品排放的大规模工业过程中，垃圾填埋场，并根据控制重大事故危险规例注册的网站。生态措施之间的关联这些指数和卡斯泰尔斯物质匮乏指数及其组成部分的背景下，城市和农村的地位的变化。基于这些分析，研究一般支持以前的调查结果，在英格兰和威尔士的环境不平等，但强调协会是依赖于环境和剥夺措施正在审议中，城乡背景。有人提议，诸如此处所述的环境指数应列入对面积剥夺的考虑之中，可有助于公平的环境决策和规划，并可将衡量环境不公平的措施视为可持续发展进展的指标。
This study developed small-area health-related environmental indices for England and Wales in the context of an investigation into socioeconomic inequity in the distribution of environmental risk. Selection of environmental hazards, relevant datasets, and their attribution to standard small-area geography using a geographic information system are described. Four indices for 1991 Census wards are proposed, relating to ambient air quality, atmospheric chemical releases from large-scale industrial processes, landfills, and sites registered under Control of Major Accident Hazard regulations. Ecological measures of association between these indices and the Carstairs material deprivation index and its components are presented in the context of variations by urban–rural status. Based on these analyses, the study generally supports previous findings of environmental inequity in England and Wales, but highlights that associations are dependent on the environmental and deprivation measures under consideration, and urban–rural context. It is proposed that environmental indices such as those described here should be included in considerations of area deprivation, could assist with equitable environmental decisionmaking and planning, and that measures of environmental inequity could be considered as indicators of progress towards sustainable development.