Investigating associations between biting time in the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton and single nucleotide polymorphisms in circadian clock genes: support for sub-structure among An. arabiensis in the Kilombero valley of Tanzania.
Investigating associations between biting time in the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton and single nucleotide polymorphisms in circadian clock genes: support for sub-structure among An. arabiensis in the Kilombero valley of Tanzania.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-016-1394-8
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发表时间：
2016-02-27
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Lee Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maliti DV;Marsden CD;Main BJ;Govella NJ;Yamasaki Y;Collier TC;Kreppel K;Chiu JC;Lanzaro GC;Ferguson HM;Lee Y
越来越多的证据表明，长效蚊帐的广泛使用促使疟疾病媒将叮咬转移到人们得不到保护的时间和地点，如傍晚和/或户外。目前尚不清楚这些行为变化是由于表型可塑性和/或病媒群落内的生态变化，有利于更嗜外物种，还是涉及病媒物种内的遗传因素，限制了它们与长效驱虫蚊帐的接触。蚊子叮咬的时间和地点的变化可能有遗传基础，但到目前为止，这种现象几乎没有得到调查。在这里，我们使用了一个候选基因的方法来调查是否在选定的生物钟基因的多态性可以解释的时间和喂养的位置（室内与室外）的主要非洲疟疾媒介阿拉伯按蚊的自然种群内的变化。寻宿安。通过人类登陆捕获（HLC）技术，从坦桑尼亚的两个村庄（Lupiro和Sagamaganga）收集了阿拉伯。将蚊子分为“早期”（晚上7点-晚上10点）或“晚期”（凌晨4点-早上7点）叮咬表型，以及室内或室外寻找宿主。在这些样本中，我们对8个时钟基因（PER、TIM、CLK、CYC、PDP 1、VRI、PDP 1和PDP 2）中的34个编码SNP进行了基因分型，并测试了这些SNP与咬表型之间的关联。对线粒体8个基因（ATP 6、ATP 8、COX 1、COX 2、COX 3、ND 3、ND 5和CYTB）的SNPs进行了基因分型，以检验该群体内的群体细分。阿拉伯的。候选的时钟基因表现出多态性的一个。arabiensis，但这是无关的变化，在时间和地点的叮咬活动。然而，有证据表明，强大的遗传结构内安。与地理距离无关。子结构内的一个。还使用线粒体标记物检测到阿拉伯人。安氏按蚊叮咬的时间和位置不同。arabiensis不能与已知会影响其他双翅目昆虫行为的候选生物钟基因联系起来。这一发现并不排除这种疟疾媒介中叮咬行为的遗传基础的可能性，但表明这些是复杂的表型，需要更深入的生态，神经元和基因组分析才能理解。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s13071-016-1394-8）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
There is growing evidence that the widespread use of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) is prompting malaria vectors to shift their biting towards times and places where people are not protected, such as earlier in the evening and/or outdoors. It is uncertain whether these behavioural shifts are due to phenotypic plasticity and/or ecological changes within vector communities that favour more exophilic species, or involve genetic factors within vector species to limit their contact with LLINs. Possibly variation in the time and location of mosquito biting has a genetic basis, but as yet this phenomenon has received little investigation. Here we used a candidate gene approach to investigate whether polymorphisms in selected circadian clock genes could explain variation in the time and location of feeding (indoors versus outside) within a natural population of the major African malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis. Host-seeking An. arabiensis were collected from two villages (Lupiro and Sagamaganga) in Tanzania by Human Landing Catch (HLC) technique. Mosquitoes were classified into phenotypes of “early” (7 pm–10 pm) or “late” biting (4 am –7 am), and host-seeking indoors or outdoors. In these samples we genotyped 34 coding SNPs in 8 clock genes (PER, TIM, CLK, CYC, PDP1, VRI, CRY1, and CRY2), and tested for associations between these SNPs and biting phenotypes. SNPs in 8 mitochondrial genes (ATP6, ATP8, COX1, COX2, COX3, ND3, ND5 and CYTB) were also genotyped to test population subdivision within An. arabiensis. The candidate clock genes exhibited polymorphism within An. arabiensis, but it was unrelated to variation in the timing and location of their biting activity. However, there was evidence of strong genetic structure within An. arabiensis populations in association with the TIM, which was unrelated to geographic distance. Substructure within An. arabiensis was also detected using mitochondrial markers. The variable timing and location of biting in An. arabiensis could not be linked to candidate clock genes that are known to influence behaviour in other Diptera. This finding does not rule out the possibility of a genetic basis to biting behaviour in this malaria vector, but suggests these are complex phenotypes that require more intensive ecological, neuronal and genomic analyses to understand. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1394-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.