Gender and age differences in basic ADL ability on the elderly: Comparison between the independent and the dependent elderly.
Gender and age differences in basic ADL ability on the elderly: Comparison between the independent and the dependent elderly.
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DOI：
10.2114/jpa.22.19
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kasuga, Kohsho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Demura, Shinichi;Sato, Susumu;Kasuga, Kohsho
本研究旨在从性别和年龄差异的角度，通过比较独立老人和机构供养老人实现基本活动的特征，探讨老年人的日常生活能力特征。研究对象为697名日本老年福利院独居老人和482名独居老人。从9个ADL域中选择74个活动。对独立老人的调查在健康或文化教育课上进行，对没有这些课的老人进行一般交付调查。独立老人提供了他们自己的数据。调查对象为在福利院工作的受赡养老人，调查对象为福利院工作人员。在项目率的双向方差分析中，独立老年人组在一些改变和保持姿势的活动中，以及依赖老年人组在使用上肢的活动中，发现了显著的性别差异。独立老年人的ADL能力随着年龄的增长而明显下降，但在依赖老年人中这种趋势并不明显。在独立老年人中，70多岁开始出现下肢活动能力下降的迹象，80多岁开始出现大部分基本活动能力下降的迹象。此外，在两组老年人中，每项活动的成就水平随着年龄的增长而有所差异。这些发现可能表明，随着年龄的增长，老年人的生活自理能力存在显著的个体差异。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the ADL ability characteristics of the elderly by comparing the characteristics to achieve basic activities between the independent and institutionalized dependent elderly from the viewpoints of gender and age differences. The subjects were 697 Japanese dependent elderly living at welfare institutions for the aged, and 482 independent elderly living at home. Seventy-four activities were selected from nine ADL domains. The survey for the independent elderly was conducted in health or culture education classes, and for the elderly without these classes, a general delivery survey was conducted. The independent elderly provided their own data. The survey for the dependent elderly was conducted in welfare institutions and the staff working at the subjects' institutions responded. In two-way ANOVA of rates of items, significant gender differences were found in some changing and holding posture activities in the independent elderly group, and in activities using upper extremities in the dependent elderly group. ADL ability in the independent elderly group significantly decreases with aging, but this trend is unclear in the dependent elderly group. In the independent elderly group, indications of a decrease appear in activities with lower limbs from the 70s, and appear in the most of basic activities from the 80s. Furthermore, differences in achievement levels of each activity with aging were found in both elderly groups. These findings may suggest that there are remarkable individual differences in ADL ability of the elderly with aging.