Comparing the gastrointestinal barrier function between growth-retarded and normal yaks on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Comparing the gastrointestinal barrier function between growth-retarded and normal yaks on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
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DOI：
10.7717/peerj.9851
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发表时间：
2020-09-03
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Kong, Xiangying
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma, Jian;Shah, Ali Mujtaba;Kong, Xiangying
背景资料。牦牛(Bos Grunniens)是青藏高原的一种古老的牛种。由于高原条件极其恶劣，牦牛生长迟缓现象普遍存在，牧民收入下降。胃肠屏障功能对营养物质的吸收和健康成长起着至关重要的作用。胃肠道屏障功能缺陷可能是导致牦牛生长迟缓的原因之一。为此，我们比较了生长迟缓(GRY)和正常牦牛(GNY)的生长性能和胃肠屏障功能，基于平均日增重(ADG)、血清参数、组织切片、实时荧光聚合酶链式反应和蛋白质印迹，每组8头。与GNY相比，GRY表现出较低的(P<；0.05)平均日增重。GRY组血清二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸和脂多糖含量显著高于GNY组(P<；0.05)。GRY组瘤胃乳头高度显著低于GNY组(P=0.004)。在空肠，除GNY绒毛高度、宽度和表面积较高外，两组隐窝深度差异均有统计学意义(P=0.61)。在瘤胃和空肠组织中，GRY组IL-1β的mRNA表达均显著高于GNY组(P<0.05)，而IL-10的表达趋势则相反。此外，GRY组瘤胃中肿瘤坏死因子-α的mRNA表达水平较高(P<；0.05)。与GNY相比，GRY在瘤胃和空肠中的CLDNI、OCLN和ZO1表达显著下调(P<；0.05)。相关分析表明，在瘤胃和空肠中，IL-10与CLDN1、OCLN和ZO1的表达呈正相关，而肿瘤坏死因子-α与CLDN1、OCLN和ZO1的表达呈负相关。在瘤胃中，ADG与乳头表面积呈正相关，与CLDN1、OCLN和ZO1的表达也呈正相关。结果表明，瘤胃和空肠！与GNY相比，GRY的屏障功能被破坏。此外，我们的研究还为通过增强胃肠屏障功能促进GRY的生长提供了潜在的解决方案。
Background. Yak (Bos grunniens) is an ancient bovine species on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Due to extremely harsh condition in the plateau, the growth retardation of yaks commonly exist, which can reduce the incomes of herdsman. The gastrointestinal barrier function plays a vital role in the absorption of nutrients and healthy growth. Functional deficiencies of the gastrointestinal barrier may be one of the contributors for yaks with growth retardation.Methods. To this end, we compared the growth performance and gastrointestinal barrier function of growth-retarded (GRY) and normal yaks (GNY) based on average daily gain (ADG), serum parameters, tissue slice, real-time PCR, and western blotting, with eight yaks in each group.Results. GRY exhibited lower (P < 0.05) average daily gain as compared to GNY. The diamine oxidase, D-lactic acid, and lipopolysaccharide concentrations in the serum of GRY were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of GNY. Compared to GNY, the papillae height in the rumen of GRY exhibited lower (P = 0.004). In jejunum, with the exception of higher villus height, width, and surface area in GNY, numerical difference (P = 0.61) was detected between two groups for crypt depth. Both in rumen and jejunum, the mRNA expression of interleukin-1beta in GRY was markedly higher (P < 0.05) than that in GNY, but an opposite trend was found in interleukin-10 expression. Moreover, GRY showed a higher (P < 0.05) tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression in the rumen. The claudin-1 (CLDNI), ocdudin (OCLN), and zonula occludens-1 (ZO1) expressions of GRY in rumen and jejunum were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05) as compared to GNY. The correlation analysis identified that in rumen and jejunum, there was a positive correlation between interleukin-10 and CLDN1, OCLN, and ZO1 mRNA expressions, but the tumor necrosis factor-alpha was negatively correlated with CLDN1, OCLN, and ZO1. In the rumen, the ADG was positively correlated with papillae surface area, and a same relationship between ADG and CLDN1, OCLN, and ZO1 expressions was found.Conclusion. The results indicated that the ruminal and jejuna! barrier functions of GRY are disrupted as compared to GNY. In addition, our study provides a potential solution for promoting the growth of GRY by enhancing the gastrointestinal barrier function.