Learning abilities and disabilities: Generalist genes, specialist environments
Learning abilities and disabilities: Generalist genes, specialist environments
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00521.x
复制
发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Plomin, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kovas, Yulia;Plomin, Robert
对同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎的研究一致表明，遗传对学习能力（如阅读和数学）以及其他认知能力（如空间能力和记忆）的个体差异有很大影响。多变量遗传学研究表明，相同的一组基因在很大程度上对这些不同的认知领域产生遗传影响。我们称之为“多面手基因。“区分这些能力的主要因素是环境，特别是非共享环境，这些环境使在同一家庭中长大的孩子彼此不同。这些关于通才基因和专家环境的多变量遗传学发现对于学习障碍的诊断和治疗以及理解介导这些影响的大脑机制具有深远的意义。
Twin studies comparing identical and fraternal twins consistently show substantial genetic influence on individual differences in learning abilities such as reading and mathematics, as well as in other cognitive abilities such as spatial ability and memory. Multivariate genetic research has shown that the same set of genes is largely responsible for genetic influence on these diverse cognitive areas. We call these "generalist genes." What differentiates these abilities is largely the environment, especially nonshared environments that make children growing up in the same family different from one another. These multivariate genetic findings of generalist genes and specialist environments have far-reaching implications for diagnosis and treatment of learning disabilities and for understanding the brain mechanisms that mediate these effects.