Differences in safety training among smaller and larger construction firms with non-native workers: Evidence of overlapping vulnerabilities
Differences in safety training among smaller and larger construction firms with non-native workers: Evidence of overlapping vulnerabilities
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssci.2017.11.011
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Hudson, Dennis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cunningham, Thomas R.;Guerin, Rebecca J.;Hudson, Dennis
美国国家职业安全与健康研究所(NIOSH)和美国安全工程师协会(ASSE)的合作努力产生了一份报告，重点关注重叠的职业脆弱性，特别是雇用年轻的非本地工人的小型建筑企业。在这份报告之后，ASSE对建筑业代表进行了一项在线调查，重点是非本地工人的培训经验。结果按企业规模(50名或50名以下员工或50名以上员工)分组。较小的企业不太可能雇佣与移民工人说相同语言的主管(P<；.001)。小型企业中的非本地工人接受的初始安全培训(p=.005)和每月持续安全培训(p=.042)的小时数都较少。小型企业的移民工人不太可能接受调查中确定的所有类型的安全培训(包括工作前安全培训[p<；.001]、特定工作培训[p<；.001]、职业安全与健康管理局10小时培训[p=.001]，以及联邦/州要求的培训[p<；.001])。这一结果突显了小企业中弱势工人群体面临的一些挑战，可以用来更好地集中干预努力。在本样本所代表的企业中，与大型企业相比，小型建筑企业向非本地工人提供的工作场所安全和健康培训的数量、频率和形式都存在不足。为小型企业中的非本地工人开展的培训类型不太可能考虑到这些工人所面临的语言和识字问题。调查结果表明，有必要采取有针对性的办法，向小型建筑企业雇用的非本地工人提供职业安全和健康培训。
Collaborative efforts between the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) led to a report focusing on overlapping occupational vulnerabilities, specifically small construction businesses employing young, non-native workers. Following the report, an online survey was conducted by ASSE with construction business representatives focusing on training experiences of non-native workers. Results were grouped by business size (50 or fewer employees or more than 50 employees). Smaller businesses were less likely to employ a supervisor who speaks the same language as immigrant workers (p < .001). Non-native workers in small businesses received fewer hours of both initial safety training (p = .005) and monthly ongoing safety training (p = .042). Immigrant workers in smaller businesses were less likely to receive every type of safety training identified in the survey (including pre-work safety orientation [p < .001], job-specific training [p < .001], OSHA 10-hour training [p = .001], and federal/state required training [p < .001]). The results highlight some of the challenges a vulnerable worker population faces in a small business, and can be used to better focus intervention efforts. Among businesses represented in this sample, there are deficits in the amount, frequency, and format of workplace safety and health training provided to non-native workers in smaller construction businesses compared to those in larger businesses. The types of training conducted for non-native workers in small business were less likely to take into account the language and literacy issues faced by these workers. The findings suggest the need for a targeted approach in providing occupational safety and health training to non-native workers employed by smaller construction businesses.