Bird collisions at wind turbines in a mountainous area related to bird movement intensities measured by radar
Bird collisions at wind turbines in a mountainous area related to bird movement intensities measured by radar
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.005
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Liechti, Felix
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aschwanden, Janine;Stark, Herbert;Liechti, Felix
鸟类在风力涡轮机上的碰撞被认为是一个重要的保护问题。为了确定缓解行动，如临时关闭风力涡轮机时，鸟类运动强度高，知识之间的关系，鸟类穿越一个区域的数量和碰撞的数量是必不可少的。我们的目标是将鸟类运动强度的联合收割机雷达数据与系统尸体搜索的碰撞数据相结合。我们使用了位于山区风力发电场附近的专用鸟类雷达，从2015年2月到11月中旬连续记录鸟类运动强度。此外，我们在85个日期对三个风力涡轮机（Enercon E-82）下方的地面进行了尸体搜索，并考虑了三个既定的校正因子来推断碰撞次数。推断出的碰撞次数为20.7只鸟/风力涡轮机（CI-95%：14.3-29.6），持续8.5个月。夜间迁徙的雀形目，特别是小王雀（Regulus sp.），占死亡人数的55% 2.1%的鸟类理论上暴露于碰撞（在风力涡轮机的高度通过雷达测量）是有效的碰撞。碰撞主要发生在迁移过程中，主要影响夜间迁移。不可能毫无疑问地将死亡事件归因于强迁移事件。在夜间发现了新鲜的尸体，鸟类运动强度既强又弱，表明死亡并不限于大规模运动事件（岸上）。相反，影响碰撞风险的一个重要因素可能是由于天气条件造成的能见度有限。在未来的研究和微调风力涡轮机的停机系统时，应考虑当地和区域的能见度。
Bird collisions at wind turbines are perceived to be an important conservation issue. To determine mitigation actions such as temporary shutdown of wind turbines when bird movement intensities are high, knowledge of the relationship between the number of birds crossing an area and the number of collisions is essential. Our aim was to combine radar data on bird movement intensities with collision data from a systematic carcass search.We used a dedicated bird radar, located near a wind farm in a mountainous area, to continuously record bird movement intensities from February to mid-November 2015. In addition, we searched the ground below three wind turbines (Enercon E-82) for carcasses on 85 dates and considered three established correction factors to extrapolate the number of collisions.The extrapolated number of collisions was 20.7 birds/wind turbine (CI-95%: 14.3-29.6) for 8.5 months. Nocturnally migrating passerines, especially kinglets (Regulus sp.), represented 55% of the fatalities. 2.1% of the birds theoretically exposed to a collision (measured by radar at the height of the wind turbines) were effectively colliding.Collisions mainly occurred during migration and affected primarily nocturnal migrants. It was not possible to assign the fatalities doubtlessly to events with strong migration. Fresh-looking carcasses were found after nights with both strong and weak bird movement intensities, indicating fatalities are not restricted to mass movement events (onshore). Rather, it is likely that an important factor influencing collision risk is limited visibility due to weather conditions. Local and regional visibility should be considered in future studies and when fine-tuning shutdown systems for wind turbines.