Neighborhood segregation, socioeconomic status, and cognitive function among older Chinese immigrants.
Neighborhood segregation, socioeconomic status, and cognitive function among older Chinese immigrants.
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中国老年移民的社区隔离、社会经济地位和认知功能。
DOI：
10.1111/jgs.18167
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Li,Mengting
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tang,Fengyan;Li,Ke;Rosso,AndreaL;Jiang,Yanping;Li,Mengting
快速增长的中国老年移民人口及其隔离居住突出了了解社区环境在认知健康中的作用的重要性。基于对西班牙裔和亚裔美国人的有限研究，种族隔离与认知之间的联系是模棱两可的。为了缩小认知差距，本研究考察了社区隔离和社会经济地位（NSES）与老年中国移民认知功能的关系。方法在芝加哥华人老年人人口研究（2011-2019）中进行了四波认知表现测试，并与2010 - 2014年美国社区调查对邻里环境的估计相关联。NSES是教育、收入/财富和职业六个人口普查变量的汇总z -分数。社区隔离是通过极端浓度指数（ICE）来衡量的，该指数同时评估了特定人口普查区内汉语和英语的使用情况。在目前的2044名参与者样本中，有170个人口普查区。对具有校正聚类稳健性标准误差的潜在增长曲线模型进行了估计。结果平均而言，认知功能随着时间的推移而下降（B= - 0.07,p< 0.001）。在调整了个体水平的预测因子后，生活在高NSES社区与较慢的认知衰退相关（B= 0.003,p= 0.04）。ICE与认知功能无相关性，但可增强高NSES对认知功能下降的保护作用（B= 0.006,p= 0.05）。结论社区社会经济优势与老年华人移民认知能力下降较慢有关，尤其是那些居住在英语使用者较多或种族隔离较少的社区的华人移民。这一发现表明中国移民的社区环境与认知健康之间存在复杂的联系。
BackgroundThe fast‐growing population of older Chinese immigrants and their segregated residences highlight the importance of understanding the role of neighborhood context in cognitive health. The segregation‐cognition association is equivocal based on a limited number of studies among Hispanic and Asian Americans. To close the knowledge gap, this study examined the associations of neighborhood segregation and socioeconomic status (NSES) with cognitive functioning among older Chinese immigrants.MethodsFour waves of cognitive performance tests were conducted in the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (2011–2019) and linked to the 2010 to 2014 American Community Survey estimates of neighborhood contexts. NSES was a summary z‐score of six census variables of education, income/wealth, and occupation. Neighborhood segregation was measured by the Index of Concentrations at the Extremes (ICE), which simultaneously assesses Chinese and English language use within a given census tract. There were 170 census tracts in the present sample of 2044 participants. Latent growth curve models with adjusted cluster robust standard errors were estimated.ResultsOn average, cognitive functioning declined over time (B= −0.07,p< 0.001). After adjusting for individual‐level predictors, living in high‐NSES neighborhoods was associated with slower cognitive decline (B= 0.003,p= 0.04). ICE was not associated with cognitive functioning, but boosted the protective effect of high NSES on cognitive decline (B= 0.006,p= 0.05).ConclusionsNeighborhood socioeconomic advantage was related to slower cognitive decline among older Chinese immigrants, especially among those living in neighborhoods with more English speakers or less segregation. This finding suggests complex associations between neighborhood context and cognitive health among Chinese immigrants.