Association of the Implementation of Child Tax Credit Advance Payments With Food Insufficiency in US Households.
Association of the Implementation of Child Tax Credit Advance Payments With Food Insufficiency in US Households.
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DOI：
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.43296
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发表时间：
2022-01-04
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Raifman J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shafer PR;Gutiérrez KM;Ettinger de Cuba S;Bovell-Ammon A;Raifman J
儿童税收抵免（Child Tax Credit）的预支是否与美国家庭的食物不足有关？在这项横断面研究中，通过对具有全国代表性的美国家庭样本进行重复调查，儿童税收抵免的预付款的引入与家庭食物不足的显著减少有关，减少了约26%。这项研究表明，儿童税收抵免预支款项作为缓冲对食物不足的家庭有孩子。2021年《美国救援计划法案》的一个关键组成部分包括从2021年7月开始提前支付儿童税收抵免，这是一种“儿童津贴”，预计将大幅减少儿童贫困。在2019冠状病毒病大流行引发的经济危机期间，粮食不足现象明显加剧，边缘化人群之间存在差异，并可能带来巨大的卫生保健和社会成本。评估2021年7月中旬引入的儿童税收抵免预付款是否与美国有孩子家庭食物不足的变化有关。这项横断面研究使用了美国人口普查局于2021年1月6日至8月2日进行的家庭脉搏调查的几个阶段的数据。该调查收到了585 170份答复，代表加权人口规模为77 165 153户。第一笔儿童税收抵免预付款，于2021年7月15日收到。家庭粮食不足。585 170名受访者的加权样本主要是女性（51.5%）和非西班牙裔白人（62.5%），年龄在25至44岁之间（48.1%），拥有4年或以上学位（34.7%），2019年的家庭收入为7.5万至149 999美元（23.1%）。在首次预付儿童税收抵免后的几周内（2021年7月21日至8月2日），62.4%有孩子的家庭报告收到了儿童税收抵免，而没有孩子的家庭的这一比例为1.1% （P < .001）。减少3.7个百分点（95% CI, -0.055 ~ -0.019个百分点；P < 0.05）。001)在第一次预付儿童税收抵免后，在调查浪潮中有孩子的家庭的家庭食物不足，对应于减少25.9%，使用事件研究规范。差异中的差异（- 16.4%）和改进的泊松（- 20.8%）模型也得出了与首次预付扩大的儿童税收抵免相关的家庭食物不足减少的大量估计。这项研究表明，儿童税收抵免预付款增加了家庭收入，并可能起到缓冲粮食不足的作用。但是，扩招和预付款只是2021年的临时措施。国会必须考虑是延长这些变化，还是使其永久化，并改进实施，以减少低收入家庭获得收入的障碍。这项横断面研究使用来自家庭脉搏调查的数据来评估2021年7月中旬引入的儿童税收抵免预付款是否与美国有孩子的家庭食物不足的变化有关。
Was the introduction of advance payments for the Child Tax Credit associated with food insufficiency in US households? In this cross-sectional study using repeated surveys of a nationally representative sample of US households, the introduction of advance payments for the Child Tax Credit was associated with a significant reduction in household food insufficiency of approximately 26%. This study suggests that the Child Tax Credit advance payments acted as a buffer against food insufficiency among households with children. A key component of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 included an expansion of the Child Tax Credit with advance payments beginning in July 2021, a “child allowance” that was projected to dramatically reduce child poverty. Food insufficiency has increased markedly during the economic crisis spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, with disparities among marginalized populations, and may be associated with substantial health care and social costs. To assess whether the introduction of advance payments for the Child Tax Credit in mid-July 2021 was associated with changes in food insufficiency in US households with children. This cross-sectional study used data from several phases of the Household Pulse Survey, conducted by the US Census Bureau from January 6 to August 2, 2021. The survey had 585 170 responses, representing a weighted population size of 77 165 153 households. The first advance Child Tax Credit payment, received on July 15, 2021. Household food insufficiency. The weighted sample of 585 170 respondents was mostly female (51.5%) and non-Hispanic White (62.5%), with a plurality aged 25 to 44 years (48.1%), having a 4-year degree or more (34.7%) and a 2019 household income of $75 000 to $149 999 (23.1%). In the weeks after the first advance payment of the Child Tax Credit was made (July 21 to August 2, 2021), 62.4% of households with children reported receiving it compared with 1.1% of households without children present (P < .001). There was a 3.7–percentage point reduction (95% CI, –0.055 to –0.019 percentage points; P < .001) in household food insufficiency for households with children present in the survey wave after the first advance payment of the Child Tax Credit, corresponding to a 25.9% reduction, using an event study specification. Difference-in-differences (−16.4%) and modified Poisson (−20.8%) models also yielded large estimates for reductions in household food insufficiency associated with the first advance payment of the expanded Child Tax Credit. This study suggests that the Child Tax Credit advance payment increased household income and may have acted as a buffer against food insufficiency. However, its expansion and advance payment are only a temporary measure for 2021. Congress must consider whether to extend these changes or make them permanent and improve implementation to reduce barriers to receipt for low-income families. This cross-sectional study uses data from the Household Pulse Survey to assess whether the introduction of advance payments for the Child Tax Credit in mid-July 2021 was associated with changes in food insufficiency in US households with children.
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