"Work ethic" in pigeons: Reward value is directly related to the effort or time required to obtain the reward
"Work ethic" in pigeons: Reward value is directly related to the effort or time required to obtain the reward
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03210727
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发表时间：
2000-03-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Zentall, TR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clement, TS;Feltus, JR;Zentall, TR
与较少努力或较短延迟强化相关的刺激通常优于与较大努力或较长延迟强化相关的刺激。然而，相反的情况似乎是真实的刺激后，更大的努力或更长的延迟。在训练中，一个简单的同时识别后，一个单一的啄初始刺激（S+（FR 1）S-（FR 1））和不同的简单的同时识别后，20啄初始刺激（S+ S-FR 20-（FR 20））。在测试中，鸽子更喜欢S+（FR 20）而不是S+（FR 1），更喜欢S-（FR 20）而不是S-（FR 1）。这些数据支持这样一种观点，即动物在出现歧视之前的状态会影响随后出现的强化的价值，这种对比效应类似于发生在人类身上的效应，这些效应被归因于更复杂的认知和社会因素。
Stimuli associated with less effort or with shorter delays to reinforcement are generally preferred over those associated with greater effort or longer delays to reinforcement. However, the opposite appears to be true of stimuli that follow greater effort or longer delays. In training, a simple simultaneous discrimination followed a single peck to an initial stimulus (S+(FR1) S-(FR1)) and a different simple simultaneous discrimination followed 20 pecks to the initial stimulus (S+S-FR20-(FR20)). On test trials, pigeons preferred S+(FR20) over S+(FR1) and S-(FR20) over S-(FR1). These data support the view that the state of the animal immediately prior to presentation of the discrimination affects the value of the reinforcement that follows it. This contrast effect is analogous to effects that when they occur in humans have been attributed to more complex cognitive and social factors.