Present and future commercial applications of biohydrometallurgy
Present and future commercial applications of biohydrometallurgy
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DOI：
10.1016/s0304-386x(00)00162-6
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Brierley, CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brierley, JA;Brierley, CL
20世纪50年代，随着Kennecott Copper Bingham Mine的铜生物浸出的出现，生物湿法冶金在矿石处理中的现代商业应用成为现实。早期的应用需要对低品位、低价值的原矿进行堆浸。生物堆浸已经发展成为一种商业上可接受的选择，用于生物堆浸更高品位、更高价值的矿石。至少有11个采矿作业证明了这种商业做法。生物湿法冶金在难处理金矿石预处理中的应用，特别是从处理高价值精矿开始，使用生物氧化槽工艺，然后扩展到处理低品位、低价值矿石堆。目前，生物浸出技术已应用于钴的工业提取和回收。即使目前生物湿法冶金在采矿业的应用取得了成功，生物技术在采矿业的真实的潜力仍有待实现。随着对商业生物处理的信心增长和经验扩展应用的知识基础，创新和新的商业实践将出现，近期的商业应用可能仍然集中在铜，金和镍的回收上。最近的技术进展表明，非常难处理的黄铜矿可以成功地进行生物浸出，从这种矿物中回收铜的工艺将包括堆和搅拌槽反应器。下一代难处理金矿石的预处理技术将基于使用嗜热细菌进行硫化物氧化。为了使生物湿法冶金在商业上取得进展，微生物学家必须与该技术的从业人员合作，共同了解影响微生物成分的操作限制和实际约束。(C)2001 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。
Modern commercial application of biohydrometallurgy for processing ores became reality in the 1950s with the advent of copper bioleaching at the Kennecott Copper Bingham Mine. Early application entailed dump leaching of low-grade, low-value, run-of-mine material. Dump bioleaching has evolved into a commercially accepted option for bioheap copper leaching of higher-grade, higher value ores. This commercial practice is exemplified by at least 11 mining operations. Paradoxically, application of biohydrometallurgy in the pretreatment of refractory gold ores began with processing high value concentrates, using biooxidation-tank processes and was followed by extension to processing low-grade, lower value ores in heaps. Now, bioleaching has been extended to the commercial extraction and recovery of cobalt. Even with the current success of biohydrometallurgical applications in the mining industry, the real potential of biotechnology in mining remains to be realized. As confidence in commercial bioprocessing grows and experience extends the application's knowledge base, innovations and new commercial practices will emerge, Near-term future commercial applications will likely remain focused on recoveries of copper, gold and possibly nickel. Recent technical advances show that very refractory chalcopyrite can be successfully bioleached, Processes for copper recovery from this mineral will include both heap and stirred-tank reactors. Next generation technologies for pretreatment of refractory gold ores will be based on use of thermophilic bacteria for sulfide oxidation. For biohydrometallurgy to commercially advance, the microbiologist must work cooperatively with the practitioners of the technology for mutual understanding of operational limitations and practical constraints affecting the microbiological component. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.