Across-Product Versus Within-Product Specialization in International Trade
Across-Product Versus Within-Product Specialization in International Trade
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DOI：
10.1162/0033553041382201
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发表时间：
2004-05
影响因子：
13.7
通讯作者：
Peter K. Schott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peter K. Schott
本文利用产品层面的美国进口数据来检验贸易理论。尽管美国越来越多地从高工资和低工资国家采购相同的产品，但产品内的单位价值随着出口国相对要素禀赋和出口国生产技术的不同而有系统地变化。这些事实拒绝产品之间的要素比例专业化，但与产品内的这种专业化是一致的。这些数据与新的贸易理论模型不一致，新的贸易理论模型预测价格与生产者生产率之间存在反向关系。产品内专业化的存在是理解全球化对企业和工人的影响、全要素生产率的演变以及长期收入趋同的可能性的一个重要考虑因素。
This paper exploits product-level U. S. import data to test trade theory. Although the United States increasingly sources the same products from both high- and low-wage countries, unit values within products vary systematically with exporter relative factor endowments and exporter production techniques. These facts reject factor-proportions specialization across products but are consistent with such specialization within products. The data are inconsistent with new trade theory models predicting an inverse relationship between price and producer productivity. The existence of within-product specialization is an important consideration for understanding the impact of globalization on firms and workers, the evolution of total factor productivity, and the likelihood of long-run income convergence.