Plant root excretions in relation to the rhizosphere effect. I. The nature of root exudate from oats and peas. II. A study of the properties of root exudate and its effect on the growth of micro-organisms isolated from the rhizosphere and control soil. III. The effect of root exudate on the numbers and activity of micro-organisms in soil.
Plant root excretions in relation to the rhizosphere effect. I. The nature of root exudate from oats and peas. II. A study of the properties of root exudate and its effect on the growth of micro-organisms isolated from the rhizosphere and control soil. III. The effect of root exudate on the numbers and activity of micro-organisms in soil.
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01343726
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发表时间：
1956-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Rovira, A. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rovira, A. D.
这是一份标题记录，不含摘要。在无菌条件下生长的豌豆和燕麦幼苗，以汞灭菌的种子为材料，用营养液沙培，种植后10-21天用蒸馏水冲洗根部，洗涤(离心和脱盐)后进行纸层析。在21天的生长过程中，根的分泌物以5ml计，分别为71.6 mg和31.8 mg的丙酮盐酸盐与豌豆和燕麦的混合物。50株豌豆和燕麦的脱落细胞物质分别为31.5 mg和14.8 mg。豌豆的排泄物中含有22种氨基酸，燕麦的排泄物中含有14种氨基酸，在这两种作物中，各种化合物的比例不同。排泄物中还含有紫外线吸收和荧光化合物。豌豆和燕麦的根分泌物以0.14-0.028%的比例加入液体培养基时，对从土壤特别是豌豆幼苗根际分离的微生物的生长有促进作用。对于一些生物来说，豌豆分泌物表现出与酵母提取物类似的生长促进作用，它不能完全被葡萄糖、土壤提取物、不含维生素的酪氨酸或已知生长因子的合成混合物所取代。根分泌物在加热条件下活性有增加的趋势，经过酸碱水解或用溶剂(CHCl_3、苯)或吸附剂(木炭、氧化铝)处理后，对三种受试物的作用不同。在琼脂培养基中加入0.14%的根分泌物可以增加根际微生物的平板数量。在无菌条件下生长的豌豆和燕麦幼苗，种植后10-21天用蒸馏水冲洗根部，并对洗涤后的根部进行降纸层析。在21天的生长过程中，根的分泌物以5ml计，分别为71.6 mg和31.8 mg的丙酮盐酸盐与豌豆和燕麦的混合物。50株豌豆和燕麦的脱落细胞物质分别为31.5 mg和14.8 mg。豌豆的排泄物中含有22种氨基酸，燕麦的排泄物中含有14种氨基酸，在这两种作物中，各种化合物的比例不同。排泄物中还含有紫外线吸收和荧光化合物。豌豆和燕麦的根分泌物以0.14-0.028%的比例加入液体培养基时，对从土壤特别是豌豆幼苗根际分离的微生物的生长有促进作用。对于一些生物来说，豌豆分泌物表现出与酵母提取物类似的生长促进作用，它不能完全被葡萄糖、土壤提取物、不含维生素的酪氨酸或已知生长因子的合成混合物所取代。根分泌物在加热条件下活性有增加的趋势，经过酸碱水解或用溶剂(CHCl_3、苯)或吸附剂(木炭、氧化铝)处理后，对三种受试物的作用不同。在琼脂基质中加入0.14%的根分泌物可以增加微生物的平板数，尤其是根际微生物。纸层析结果表明，豌豆根在21天的生长过程中分泌了大量的氨基酸类化合物。果糖和葡萄糖只在最初的10天内排出。还排出了荧光和紫外线吸收化合物。描述了渗出物对土壤和根际微生物的刺激作用。微生物，瑞典乌普萨拉。
This is a title only record which contains no abstract.In pea and oat seedlings grown under sterile conditions from Hg-sterilized seeds in sand cultures with nutrient solution, roots were rinsed with distilled water 10-21 days after planting and the washings (after centri-fuging and desalting) were subjected to descending paper-chromatography. The exudates given off by the roots during 21 days of growth amounted, in 5 ml of extract, to 71.6 mg and 31.8 mg acetone-HCl-soluble material with peas and oats respectively. The sloughed-off cell material from 50 plants of peas and oats amounted to 31.5 mg and 14.8 mg respectively. The amino compounds identified amounted to 22 in excretions of peas and to 14 in those of oats, the proportions of the various compounds differing in the two crops. The excretions also contained UV-absorbing and fluorescent compounds. The growth of micro-organisms isolated from soil and especially from the rhizosphere of pea seedlings was stimulated by the root exudates of pea and oats incorporated in the liquid media at the rate of 0.14-0.028%. For some organisms, the pea exudate showed similar growth-promoting effects as yeast extract did, and it could not completely be replaced by glucose, soil extract, vitamin-free casamino acids or a synthetic mixture of known growth factors. The activity of the root exudate tended to increase on heating and acted differently on three test organisms after being subjected to acid and alkaline hydrolysis or treatments with solvents (CHCI3, benzene) or adsorbents (charcoal, alumina). Incorporation of 0.14% root exudate in agar medium increased the plate count of organisms especially from the rhizosphere.In pea and oat seedlings grown under sterile conditions from Hg-sterilized seeds in sand cultures with nutrient solution, roots were rinsed with distilled water 10-21 days after planting and the washings (after centri-fuging and desalting) were subjected to descending paper-chromatography. The exudates given off by the roots during 21 days of growth amounted, in 5 ml of extract, to 71.6 mg and 31.8 mg acetone-HCl-soluble material with peas and oats respectively. The sloughed-off cell material from 50 plants of peas and oats amounted to 31.5 mg and 14.8 mg respectively. The amino compounds identified amounted to 22 in excretions of peas and to 14 in those of oats, the proportions of the various compounds differing in the two crops. The excretions also contained UV-absorbing and fluorescent compounds. The growth of micro-organisms isolated from soil and especially from the rhizosphere of pea seedlings was stimulated by the root exudates of pea and oats incorporated in the liquid media at the rate of 0.14-0.028%. For some organisms, the pea exudate showed similar growth-promoting effects as yeast extract did, and it could not completely be replaced by glucose, soil extract, vitamin-free casamino acids or a synthetic mixture of known growth factors. The activity of the root exudate tended to increase on heating and acted differently on three test organisms after being subjected to acid and alkaline hydrolysis or treatments with solvents (CHCI3, benzene) or adsorbents (charcoal, alumina). Incorporation of 0.14% root exudate in agar medium increased the plate count of organisms especially from the rhizosphere.Paper chromatographs showed that pea roots excreted considerable amounts of amino compounds during 21 days' seedling growth. Fructose and glucose were excreted only during the first 10 days. Fluorescent and ultra-violet-absorbing compounds were also excreted. Stimulation of soil and rhizosphere microorganisms by the exudate is described.-Inst. Microbiol., Uppsala, Sweden.