Association and dissociation between detection and discrimination of objects of expertise: Evidence from visual search
Association and dissociation between detection and discrimination of objects of expertise: Evidence from visual search
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DOI：
10.3758/s13414-013-0562-6
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Harel, Assaf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Golan, Tal;Bentin, Shlomo;Harel, Assaf
人脸识别专业知识的特点是高度熟练地区分单个人脸。然而，人脸在基础水平检测的早期阶段也具有优势，在非人脸对象中对人脸的有效视觉搜索证明了这一点。在本研究中，我们提出了以下问题：(1)人脸识别的优势是人脸识别的独特特征，还是它可以推广到其他专业对象；(2)人脸识别的专业知识是否与人脸个性化的专业知识存在内在联系。我们比较了具有不同程度的物体和面部专业知识的群体（典型的成年人，发展性面孔失认症[DP]和汽车专家）如何在一系列可变的物体干扰物中搜索他们专业领域内和外的物体（面孔，汽车，飞机和蝴蝶）。在所有三组中，面孔和飞机的搜索效率（以反应时间斜率为索引）高于汽车和蝴蝶。值得注意的是，汽车专家对汽车目标的搜索斜率比非专家要浅得多。虽然平均面斜率在dp中比其他两组稍陡，但大多数dp的搜索斜率都在规范范围内。这种结果模式表明，物体检测方面的专业知识确实与下级层次的专业知识有关，它不是特定于面孔的，而且这两种专业知识是不同的设施。我们讨论了经验在低水平判别特征和高水平自然分类之间的桥梁作用。
Expertise in face recognition is characterized by high proficiency in distinguishing between individual faces. However, faces also enjoy an advantage at the early stage of basic-level detection, as demonstrated by efficient visual search for faces among nonface objects. In the present study, we asked (1) whether the face advantage in detection is a unique signature of face expertise, or whether it generalizes to other objects of expertise, and (2) whether expertise in face detection is intrinsically linked to expertise in face individuation. We compared how groups with varying degrees of object and face expertise (typical adults, developmental prosopagnosics [DP], and car experts) search for objects within and outside their domains of expertise (faces, cars, airplanes, and butterflies) among a variable set of object distractors. Across all three groups, search efficiency (indexed by reaction time slopes) was higher for faces and airplanes than for cars and butterflies. Notably, the search slope for car targets was considerably shallower in the car experts than in nonexperts. Although the mean face slope was slightly steeper among the DPs than in the other two groups, most of the DPs' search slopes were well within the normative range. This pattern of results suggests that expertise in object detection is indeed associated with expertise at the subordinate level, that it is not specific to faces, and that the two types of expertise are distinct facilities. We discuss the potential role of experience in bridging between low-level discriminative features and high-level naturalistic categories.