Potential Threats Posed by New or Emerging Marine Biotoxins in UK Waters and Examination of Detection Methodologies Used for Their Control: Cyclic Imines.
Potential Threats Posed by New or Emerging Marine Biotoxins in UK Waters and Examination of Detection Methodologies Used for Their Control: Cyclic Imines.
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DOI：
10.3390/md13127057
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发表时间：
2015-11-26
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Turner AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davidson K;Baker C;Higgins C;Higman W;Swan S;Veszelovszki A;Turner AD
环亚胺（CI）是一组浮游植物产生的毒素与贝类食品，其中一些已经存在于英国和欧洲的沃茨。人们对它们对贝类消费者的风险知之甚少，因为虽然没有人中毒与这一群体明确相关，但它们在小鼠腹腔注射后的快速作用毒性导致人们对它们对人类健康的影响感到担忧。因此，英国食品安全当局要求更密切地检查这些毒素，以帮助制定可能的管理战略。在CI生产者中，目前已知只有螺内酯生产者Alexandrum ostenfeldii存在于英国沃茨，但气候变化的趋势可能导致目前存在于欧洲其他地方和世界各地类似环境中的其他生物/CI毒素的风险增加。本文回顾了有关CI和CI生产浮游植物的流行的证据，连同测试方法。化学，生物和生物分子的方法进行审查，包括进一步的工作，使有效的测试建议。虽然这里的重点是在英国，从战略的角度来看，许多讨论的主题也将在世界其他地区的利益，因为新的和新兴的海洋生物毒素是全球关注。
Cyclic imines (CIs) are a group of phytoplankton produced toxins related to shellfish food products, some of which are already present in UK and European waters. Their risk to shellfish consumers is poorly understood, as while no human intoxication has been definitively related to this group, their fast acting toxicity following intraperitoneal injection in mice has led to concern over their human health implications. A request was therefore made by UK food safety authorities to examine these toxins more closely to aid possible management strategies. Of the CI producers only the spirolide producer Alexandrium ostenfeldii is known to exist in UK waters at present but trends in climate change may lead to increased risk from other organisms/CI toxins currently present elsewhere in Europe and in similar environments worldwide. This paper reviews evidence concerning the prevalence of CIs and CI-producing phytoplankton, together with testing methodologies. Chemical, biological and biomolecular methods are reviewed, including recommendations for further work to enable effective testing. Although the focus here is on the UK, from a strategic standpoint many of the topics discussed will also be of interest in other parts of the world since new and emerging marine biotoxins are of global concern.