Controversies in epidemiology of occupational asthma
Controversies in epidemiology of occupational asthma
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DOI：
10.1183/09031936.03.00047803
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
24.3
通讯作者：
Malo, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gautrin, D;Newman-Taylor, AJ;Malo, JL
流行病学是研究疾病的分布、决定因素和结果的学科。在这篇文章中，描述了最近获得的职业性哮喘流行病学知识，以及目前存在争议的领域。从高危工作场所的实地研究、法医学统计和哨兵计划获得的意外数据表明，近10%的成人哮喘发病可归因于工作场所。需要改进通过问卷和解决功能、免疫和生理病理问题的工具来确定病例的策略。虽然数量很少，而且局限于少数工作场所，但队列研究发现，职业性哮喘的风险较少由个人易感性(例如，过敏、吸烟、人类白细胞抗原表型)决定，更多地由暴露于其原因的水平决定；总的来说，暴露越高，风险越大，因此，暴露水平越低，疾病的发生率就越低。职业性哮喘可以作为成人哮喘发展的令人满意的模型。极有必要通过在高风险工作场所实施适当的监测方案来制定干预战略。
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution, determinants and outcome of disease. In this article, the recently acquired knowledge of the epidemiology of occupational asthma is described, as well as current areas of controversy.Incidence figures obtained from field studies in high-risk workplaces, medicolegal statistics and sentinel programmes indicate that similar to10% of adult-onset asthma is attributable to the workplace. The strategy to identify cases through questionnaires and tools that address functional, immunological and physiopathological issues needs to be improved.Although few in number and limited to a handful of workplaces, cohort studies found that the risk of developing occupational asthma is determined less by individual susceptibility (e.g. atopy, tobacco smoking, human leukocyte antigen phenotype) and more by the level of exposure to its causes; in general, the higher the exposure, the greater the risk, and, by implication, lowering the level of exposure reduces the incidence of disease.Occupational asthma can be used as a satisfactory model for the development of adult-onset asthma. There is a great need to develop intervention strategies through adequate surveillance programmes in high-risk workplaces.