Blending new and old in sustainability transitions: Technological alignment between fossil fuels and biofuels in Norwegian coastal shipping
Blending new and old in sustainability transitions: Technological alignment between fossil fuels and biofuels in Norwegian coastal shipping
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DOI：
10.1016/j.erss.2021.101957
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发表时间：
2021-03-02
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Steen, Markus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bach, Hanna;Makitie, Tuukka;Steen, Markus
面对越来越大的脱碳压力，航运业的创新已转向低碳和零碳解决方案。在本文中，我们调查了如何在挪威沿海航运生物柴油和液化沼气（LBG）的发展和实施的影响与化石燃料的技术调整。我们理解这种影响来自生物燃料与沿海航运结构（例如基础设施，知识，机构，行为者）的（错误）匹配，而这些结构是由化石燃料形成的。这样，我们有助于技术创新系统（TIS）框架的发展，通过讨论跨部门的技术外部性对TIS功能的影响。我们的核心数据包括半结构化访谈，并得到了挪威船东的公司调查的支持。我们的结果表明，技术上的一致性为生物柴油和LBG TISs提供了几个好处，例如进入成熟的市场和基础设施，这表明挪威在某种程度上具有形成海上生物燃料市场的良好条件。然而，实施生物燃料的两个主要障碍是燃料供应和成本。考虑到与电池电力和氢解决方案的竞争，化石燃料和生物燃料之间可互换性的正外部性不足以使生物柴油和LBG成为沿海航运的竞争者。为了在挪威沿海航运部门扩大生物燃料的实施，这是实现国家和国际排放目标所必需的，需要加强政策干预。为了建立市场，对生物燃料的补贴和强制上网目标将是至关重要的政策手段。
Facing increasing pressure to decarbonize, innovation within the shipping sector has turned to low-and zero carbon solutions. In this paper we investigate how the development and implementation of biodiesel and liquefied biogas (LBG) in Norwegian coastal shipping has been influenced by the technological alignment with fossil fuels. We understand this influence to emanate from the (mis)match of biofuels with the structure of coastal shipping (e.g. infrastructure, knowledge, institutions, actors) which has been shaped by fossil fuels. This way we contribute to the development of Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) framework by discussing the effect of sectoral cross-technology externalities on the functionality of a TIS. Our core data consists of semi-structured interviews, supported by a firm survey with Norwegian shipowners.Our results show that the technological alignment provides the biodiesel and LBG TISs with several benefits, such as access to established markets and infrastructure, which suggests that Norway to some extent has good conditions for maritime biofuel markets to form. However, two major barriers for implementation of biofuels are fuel availability and cost. Considering the competition with battery-electric and hydrogen solutions, the positive externalities of the interchangeability between fossil and biofuels are insufficient to make biodiesel and LBG competitive contenders for coastal shipping. In order to upscale implementation of biofuels in the Norwegian coastal shipping sector, which is needed to reach national and international emission targets, there is a need for strengthened policy interventions. To establish market formation, subsidies for biofuels and feed-in targets would be crucial policy instruments.