Defining indoor heat thresholds for health in the UK
Defining indoor heat thresholds for health in the UK
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DOI：
10.1177/1757913912453411
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Swainson, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, Mindy;Carmichael, Catriona;Swainson, Michael
导言：人们已经认识到，随着室外环境温度的升高超过特定的阈值，死亡率/发病率也会上升。然而，室内温度的类似阈值尚未确定。由于气候变暖，空调作为解决方案的不可持续，以及对更节能的密闭住宅的渴望，室内温度阈值应该被定义为一个公共卫生问题。目的：本文的目的是概述室内热阈值的必要性，并确定它们是否可以被识别。我们的目标包括：描述室内温度是如何测量的；突出阈值测量和指数；描述对热的适应；总结易感人群对热的风险；回顾关于睡眠、热和健康之间联系的当前证据；探索当前的热和健康警告系统和阈值；探索建筑环境和过热的风险；以及确定当前知识和研究中的差距。方法：使用预定义的关键词集对关键数据库进行全球文献搜索，以检索同行评议的灰色文献。结果：分析了96篇文章、报告、政府文件和教科书的摘要，并进行了差距分析。室内高温对健康影响的证据表明，建筑物是气候对健康结果影响的修饰者。个人暴露和基于场所的高温研究表明，室内高温和健康结果之间的相关性最显著。然而，在确定基于证据的阈值定义方面，数据很少，也没有定论。结论：室内外热虽然有一定的关联性，但在语言和测量上有所不同。未来需要卫生和建筑部门之间的合作，以制定一种共同语言和一个关于气候变化中的室内高温和健康阈值的指数。
Introduction: It has been recognised that as outdoor ambient temperatures increase past a particular threshold, so do mortality/morbidity rates. However, similar thresholds for indoor temperatures have not yet been identified. Due to a warming climate, the non-sustainability of air conditioning as a solution, and the desire for more energy-efficient airtight homes, thresholds for indoor temperature should be defined as a public health issue.Aims: The aim of this paper is to outline the need for indoor heat thresholds and to establish if they can be identified. Our objectives include: describing how indoor temperature is measured; highlighting threshold measurements and indices; describing adaptation to heat; summary of the risk of susceptible groups to heat; reviewing the current evidence on the link between sleep, heat and health; exploring current heat and health warning systems and thresholds; exploring the built environment and the risk of overheating; and identifying the gaps in current knowledge and research.Methods: A global literature search of key databases was conducted using a pre-defined set of keywords to retrieve peer-reviewed and grey literature. The paper will apply the findings to the context of the UK.Results: A summary of 96 articles, reports, government documents and textbooks were analysed and a gap analysis was conducted. Evidence on the effects of indoor heat on health implies that buildings are modifiers of the effect of climate on health outcomes. Personal exposure and place-based heat studies showed the most significant correlations between indoor heat and health outcomes. However, the data are sparse and inconclusive in terms of identifying evidence-based definitions for thresholds. Further research needs to be conducted in order to provide an evidence base for threshold determination.Conclusions: Indoor and outdoor heat are related but are different in terms of language and measurement. Future collaboration between the health and building sectors is needed to develop a common language and an index for indoor heat and health thresholds in a changing climate.