Recent hydrological and geochemical research for earthquake prediction in Japan
Recent hydrological and geochemical research for earthquake prediction in Japan
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DOI：
10.1007/s11069-011-9980-8
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发表时间：
2013-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
N. Matsumoto;N. Koizumi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Matsumoto;N. Koizumi
回顾了日本近20年来在地震预报方面的水文地球化学研究。1995年兵库县南部（科比）地震后，地震预测研究的中心方法被修改。而不是简单的检测，重点放在了解整个地震周期。此外，预期的东海地震的预测程序在2003年进行了修订，包括探测与滑动有关的前兆。这些变化包括促进下列水文和地球化学研究，以进行地震预测：（1）开发和/或应用统计方法，从水文/地球化学数据中提取微小波动，（2）评价在东海地区威尔斯地下水位方面与滑前有关的异常的可探测性，（3）建立了新的地下水和钻孔应变观测网，用于南开和东南开地震预报研究。进行了以下基本地球化学研究：（1）利用四极质谱仪开发新的监测系统，（2）通过研磨岩石和晶体粉末进行制氢的实验研究，（3）地下水气体和精确地壳形变的综合监测，（4）幔源氦观测与地震速度结构和非火山地震分布的对比。此外，还介绍了在断裂带钻探项目框架内开展的与断裂带演化有关的水文地球化学调查。
Hydrological and geochemical studies for earthquake prediction in Japan during the last two decades are reviewed. Following the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake, the central approach to research on earthquake prediction was modified. Instead of precursory detection, emphasis was placed on understanding the entire earthquake cycle. Moreover, the prediction program for the anticipated Tokai earthquake was revised in 2003 to include the detection of preslip-related precursors. These changes included the promotion of the following hydrological and geochemical studies for earthquake prediction: (1) development and/or application of statistical methods to extract small fluctuations from hydrological/geochemical data, (2) evaluation of the detectability of preslip-related anomalies in terms of groundwater levels in wells in the Tokai region, and (3) establishment of a new groundwater and borehole strain observation network for Nankai and Tonankai earthquake prediction research. The following basic geochemical studies were carried out: (1) development of a new monitoring system using a quadrupole mass spectrometer, (2) experimental studies on hydrogen generation by the grinding of rock and crystal powders, (3) comprehensive monitoring of groundwater gas and precise crustal deformation, and (4) mantle-derivative helium observation to compare with seismic velocity structures and the distribution of non-volcanic tremors. Moreover, hydrological and geochemical investigations related to the evolution of fault zones were introduced within the framework of fault zone drilling projects.